Energy‐efficient selection of relay for UWSNs in the Internet of underwater things

作者：Saad Haseeb, Muhammad Khalil Afzal, Muhammad Tahir, Mohsin Raza Jafri, Naeem Raza · 发表于：International Journal of Communication Systems · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1002/dac.5619 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems、Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks、Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

Summary Internet of underwater things (IoUT) for underwater monitoring is known worldwide for smart interlinked underwater things that exhibit the capacity to monitor the vast unexplored waters of the oceans. Concept of IoUT has been derived from Internet of Things (IoT) in order to acquire the exquisite benefits of networking in underwater environment. IOT standards and technologies do not work well in underwater environment, such as infrared, Wi‐Fi, and radio frequency (RF) due to high channel errors and limited range up to few meters. Acoustic waves, however, can be used to communicate both in shallow and deep oceans due to their low frequency (kHZ) signal. In context of IoUT, communication based on acoustic links enables different applications such as underwater exploration, environmental monitoring, and disaster prevention even without availability of GPS facility like free space environment. In unpredictable and changing underwater environment, energy efficiency becomes a major challenge during data routing along multiple devices. Batteries of the sensor nodes, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) cannot be removed with easiness and difficult to recharge, and the only way out is efficient sensor node selection for relaying to save massive amount of energy. Energy aware channel routing protocol (ECARP) does not consider the depth of the node while selecting the relay nodes to forward the data. Relay node selection in underwater Interne...