Trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and the gaps to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets

作者：Cristiano Siqueira Boccolini, Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda, Neilane Bertoni, Natália Oliveira, Nadya Helena Alves‐Santos, Dayana Rodrigues Farias, Sandra Patrícia Crispim, Letícia Barroso Vertulli Carneiro, Raquel Machado Schincaglia, Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Gilberto Kac · 发表于：BMJ Global Health · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012529 · 被引用次数：35 · 研究领域：Breastfeeding Practices and Influences、Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare、Infant Nutrition and Health

BACKGROUND: The comprehension of breastfeeding patterns and trends through comparable indicators is essential to plan and implement public health policies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the trends of breastfeeding indicators in Brazil from 1996 to 2019 and estimate the gap to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets in children under 5 years. METHODS: Microdata from two National Surveys on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS-1996 and PNDS-2006) and the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition-2019 were used. The indicators of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding of infants 0-5 months of age (EBF<6 mo), continued breastfeeding at 1 year of age (CBF1yr) and CBF at 2 years of age (CBF2yr) were analysed using prevalence and 95% CI. The average annual variation and years to achieve the WHO/UNICEF 2030 targets were calculated for Brazil and the macroregions. Statistical analyses considered the survey's complex sample design for each database. RESULTS: EIBF increased from 36.3% (95% CI 33.6% to 39.0%) in 1996 to 60.9% (95% CI 56.5% to 65.3%) in 2006 (statistically significant) and 62.5% (95% CI 58.3% to 66.6%) in 2019. EBF<6 mo increased from 26.9% (95% CI 21.3% to 31.9%) in 1996 to 39.0% (95% CI 31.0% to 47.1%) in 2006 and 45.8% (95% CI 40.9% to 50.7%) in 2019 (significant increases for 1996-2019 for Brazil, Northeast and Midwest regions). CBF1yr rose from 36.6% (95% CI 30.8% to 42.4%) in 1996 to 48.7% (95% CI 38.3% to 59.0%) in 2006, and 52.1% (9...