Characterising personal, household, and community PM2.5 exposure in one urban and two rural communities in China

作者：Ka Hung Chan, Xi Xia, Cong Liu, Haidong Kan, Aiden Doherty, Steve Hung Lam Yim, Neil Wright, Christiana Kartsonaki, Xiaoming Yang, Rebecca Stevens, Xiaoyu Chang, Dianjianyi Sun, Canqing Yu, Jun Lv, Liming Li, Kin‐Fai Ho, Hubert Lam, Zhengming Chen · 发表于：The Science of The Total Environment · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166647 · 被引用次数：14 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Energy and Environment Impacts、Environmental Education and Sustainability

Cooking and heating in households contribute importantly to air pollution exposure worldwide. However, there is insufficient investigation of measured fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure levels, variability, seasonality, and inter-spatial dynamics associated with these behaviours. We undertook parallel measurements of personal, household (kitchen and living room), and community PM2.5 in summer (May–September 2017) and winter (November 2017-Janauary 2018) in 477 participants from one urban and two rural communities in China. After stringent data cleaning, there were 67,326–80,980 person-hours (ntotal = 441; nsummer = 384; nwinter = 364; 307 had repeated PM2.5 data in both seasons) of processed data per microenvironment. Age- and sex-adjusted geometric means of PM2.5 were calculated by key participant characteristics, overall and by season. Spearman correlation coefficients between PM2.5 levels across different microenvironments were computed. Overall, 26.4 % reported use of solid fuel for both cooking and heating. Solid fuel users had 92 % higher personal and kitchen 24-h average PM2.5 exposure than clean fuel users. Similarly, they also had a greater increase (83 % vs 26 %) in personal and household PM2.5 from summer to winter, whereas community levels of PM2.5 were 2–4 times higher in winter across different fuel categories. Compared with clean fuel users, solid fuel users had markedly higher weighted annual average PM2.5 exposure at personal (78.2 [95 % CI 71.6–85.3] μ...