Estimating nitrogen and sulfur deposition across China during 2005 to 2020 based on multiple statistical models

作者：Kaiyue Zhou, Wen Xu, Lin Zhang, Mingrui Ma, Xuejun Liu, Yu Zhao · 发表于：Atmospheric chemistry and physics · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.5194/acp-23-8531-2023 · 被引用次数：50 · 研究领域：Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols、Air Quality and Health Impacts、Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics

Abstract. Due to the rapid development of industrialization and a substantial economy, China has become one of the global hotspots of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) deposition following Europe and the USA. Here, we developed a dataset with full coverage of N and S deposition from 2005 to 2020, with multiple statistical models that combine ground-level observations, chemistry transport simulations, satellite-derived vertical columns, and meteorological and geographic variables. Based on the newly developed random forest method, the multi-year averages of dry deposition of oxidized nitrogen (OXN), reduced nitrogen (RDN), and S in China were estimated at 10.4, 14.4, and 16.7 kg N/S ha−1 yr−1, and the analogous numbers for total deposition were respectively 15.2, 20.2, and 25.9 kg N/S ha−1 yr−1 when wet deposition estimated previously with a generalized additive model (GAM) was included. The dry to wet deposition ratio (Rdry/wet) of N stabilized in earlier years and then gradually increased especially for RDN, while that of S declined for over 10 years and then slightly increased. The RDN to OXN deposition ratio (RRDN/OXN) was estimated to be larger than 1 for the whole research period and clearly larger than that of the USA and Europe, with a continuous decline from 2005 to 2011 and a more prominent rebound afterwards. Compared with the USA and Europe, a more prominent lagging response of OXN and S deposition to precursor emission abatement was found in China. The OXN dry depositio...