Antibody induction and immune response in nasal cavity by third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

作者：Aya Ishizaka, Michiko Koga, Taketoshi Mizutani, Ryuta Uraki, Seiya Yamayoshi, Kiyoko Iwatsuki‐Horimoto, Shinya Yamamoto, Masaki Imai, Takeya Tsutsumi, Yutaka Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi · 发表于：Virology Journal · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1186/s12985-023-02113-z · 被引用次数：19 · 研究领域：Sinusitis and nasal conditions、Oral microbiology and periodontitis research、vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

BACKGROUND: The mucosa serves as the first defence against pathogens and facilitates the surveillance and elimination of symbiotic bacteria by mucosal immunity. Recently, the mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated to induce secretory antibodies in the oral and nasal cavities in addition to a systemic immune response. However, the mechanism of induced immune stimulation effect on mucosal immunity and commensal bacteria profile remains unclear. METHODS: Here, we longitudinally analysed the changing nasal microbiota and both systemic and nasal immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, and evaluated how mRNA vaccination influenced nasal microbiota in 18 healthy participants who had received the third BNT162b. RESULTS: The nasal S-RBD IgG level correlated significantly with plasma IgG levels until 1 month and the levels were sustained for 3 months post-vaccination. In contrast, nasal S-RBD IgA induction peaked at 1 month, albeit slightly, and correlated only with plasma IgA, but the induction level decreased markedly at 3 months post-vaccination. 16 S rRNA sequencing of the nasal microbiota post-vaccination revealed not an overall change, but a decrease in certain opportunistic bacteria, mainly Fusobacterium. The decrease in these bacteria was more pronounced in those who exhibited nasal S-RBD IgA induction, and those with higher S-RBD IgA induction had lower relative amounts of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas pre-vaccination. In addition...