Metabolomics and Lipidomics Studies in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Biomarker Discovery for the Early Diagnosis and Prognosis

作者：Ya‐Ru Liu, Guanping Dong, Ke Huang, Hong Ye, Xuefeng Chen, Mingqiang Zhu, Xiao-qiang Hao, Yan Ni, Junfen Fu · 发表于：Pediatric Diabetes · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1155/2023/6003102 · 被引用次数：7 · 研究领域：Diabetes and associated disorders、Pancreatic function and diabetes、Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies

Aim: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous risk factors. Metabolic perturbations in the pathogenesis of the disease are remarkable to illuminate the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and how islet immunity and overt diabetes develop. This review aimed to integrate the metabolic changes of T1D to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression based on recent metabolomics and lipidomics studies with parallel methodologies. Methods: A total of 18 metabolomics and lipidomics studies of childhood T1D during the last 15 years were reviewed. The metabolic fingerprints consisting of 41 lipids and/or metabolite classes of subjects with islet autoantibodies, progressors of T1D, and T1D children were mapped in four-time dimensions based on a tentative effect-score rule. Results: From birth, high-risk T1D subjects had decreased unsaturated triacylglycerols, unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs), sphingomyelins (SMs), amino acids, and metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. On the contrary, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and monosaccharides increased. And LPCs and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were elevated before the appearance of islet autoantibodies but were lowered after seroconversion. Choline-related lipids (including PCs, SMs, and LPCs), BCAAs, and metabolites involved in the TCA cycle were identified as consensus biomarkers potentially predicting the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D. Decre...