Real-World Emission Characteristics of Full-Volatility Organics Originating from Nonroad Agricultural Machinery during Agricultural Activities

作者：Xianbao Shen, Hongqian Che, Zhiliang Yao, Bobo Wu, Tiantian Lv, Wenhan Yu, Xinyue Cao, Xuewei Hao, Xin Li, Hanyu Zhang, Xiaolong Yao · 发表于：Environmental Science & Technology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1021/acs.est.3c02619 · 被引用次数：30 · 研究领域：Vehicle emissions and performance、Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols、Air Quality and Health Impacts

Nonroad agricultural machinery (NRAM) emissions constitute a significant source of air pollution in China. Full-volatility organics originating from 19 machines under 6 agricultural activities were measured synchronously. The diesel-based emission factors (EFs) for full-volatility organics were 4.71 ± 2.78 g/kg fuel (average ± standard deviation), including 91.58 ± 8.42% volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 7.94 ± 8.16% intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), 0.28 ± 0.20% semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and 0.20 ± 0.16% low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs). Full-volatility organic EFs were significantly reduced by stricter emission standards and were the highest under pesticide spraying activity. Our results also demonstrated that combustion efficiency was a potential factor influencing full-volatility organic emissions. Gas–particle partitioning in full-volatility organics could be affected by multiple factors. Furthermore, the estimated secondary organic aerosol formation potential based on measured full-volatility organics was 143.79 ± 216.80 mg/kg fuel and could be primarily attributed to higher-volatility-interval IVOCs (bin 12 –bin 16 contributed 52.81 ± 11.58%). Finally, the estimated emissions of full-volatility organics from NRAM in China (2021) were 94.23 Gg. This study provides first-hand data on full-volatility organic EFs originating from NRAM to facilitate the improvement of emission inventories and atmospheric chemistry models.