BESSv2.0: A satellite-based and coupled-process model for quantifying long-term global land–atmosphere fluxes

作者：Bolun Li, Youngryel Ryu, Chongya Jiang, Benjamin Dechant, Jiangong Liu, Yulin Yan, Xing Li · 发表于：Remote Sensing of Environment · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1016/j.rse.2023.113696 · 被引用次数：115 · 研究领域：Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics、Climate variability and models、Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations

Recent remote-sensing-based global carbon, water and energy budgets over land still include considerable uncertainties. Most existing flux products of terrestrial carbon, water and energy components were developed individually, despite the inherently coupled processes among them. In this study, we present a new set of global daily surface downwelling shortwave radiation (SW), net radiation (Rnet), evapotranspiration (ET), gross primary productivity (GPP), terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) datasets at 0.05° resolutions from 1982 to 2019, by improving a satellite-based and coupled-process model—the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS). The new version of BESS (v2.0) integrated a newly developed ecosystem respiration module, an optimality-based maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) model, and extended the temporal coverage of flux datasets from 1982 to 2019. We evaluated BESS products against the FLUXNET2015 dataset at the site scale, and against several remote sensing and/or machine learning products on a global scale. At the site scale, BESS products agreed well with FLUXNET measurements, capturing 84%, 53%, 65%, 51% and 31% of daily variation in Rnet, ET, GPP, TER and NEE, respectively. Interannual variation in BESS NEE showed relatively low consistency with the FLUXNET measurements, while the rest fluxes explained approximately half of the interannual variation. On a global scale, we found marked discrepancies in spatio-temporal pattern...