Assessment Of Air Pollution And Its Association With Population Health: Geo-Statistical Evidence From Pakistan

作者：Munazza Fatima, Ibtisam Butt, Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah, Asad Atta, Cheng Gong · 发表于：GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.24057/2071-9388-2022-155 · 被引用次数：26 · 研究领域：Air Quality and Health Impacts、Energy and Environment Impacts、Climate Change and Health Impacts

Human health is harmed by air pollution. The objective of this research was to show that air pollution in Pakistan is getting worse and is negatively impacting people’s health. IQ Air and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation provided the data for this descriptive research. Monthly data of PM 2.5 μg/m³ from ten different localities across Pakistan are used to show spatial distribution through the geospatial technique of interpolation. The findings show that two third of the country has high PM 2.5 concentration, with Lahore as the most polluted city. In Pakistan, solid fuel use has decreased, leading to a decline in associated mortality and morbidity. However, there have been significant increases in PM 2.5 and ozone levels, resulting in a rise in the country’s overall health burden caused by air pollution. Furthermore, the number of deaths attributed to air pollution has also increased since 1990. A total of 57% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 40% of lower respiratory infections, 36% of ischemic stroke, 35% of ischemic heart diseases, 32% of lung cancer, 25% of diabetes, and 20% of neonatal outcomes are directly attributed to air pollution in Pakistan. The main contributors to air pollution are population growth, growing motorization, and unsustainable energy usage. The main challenges due to air pollution control and monitoring in Pakistan include a lack of awareness, poor policy creation and implementation, the use of improper fuel, rising energy demand...