A Novel Pathway of Functional microRNA Uptake and Mitochondria Delivery

作者：Jiachen Liu, Weili Li, Jianfeng Li, Eli Song, Hongwei Liang, Weiwei Rong, Xinli Jiang, Nuo Xu, Wei Wang, Shuang Qu, Shouyong Gu, Yujing Zhang, Chen Zhang, Ke Zen · 发表于：Advanced Science · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1002/advs.202300452 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：RNA Interference and Gene Delivery、MicroRNA in disease regulation、Extracellular vesicles in disease

Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in horizontal gene regulation. Uptake of extracellular miRNAs by recipient cells and their intracellular transport, however, remains elusive. Here RNA phase separation is shown as a novel pathway of miRNA uptake. In the presence of serum, synthetic miRNAs rapidly self-assembly into ≈110 nm discrete nanoparticles, which enable miRNAs' entry into different cells. Depleting serum cationic proteins prevents the formation of such nanoparticles and thus blocks miRNA uptake. Different from lipofectamine-mediated miRNA transfection in which majority of miRNAs are accumulated in lysosomes of transfected cells, nanoparticles-mediated miRNA uptake predominantly delivers miRNAs into mitochondria in a polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1(PNPT1)-dependent manner. Functional assays further show that the internalized miR-21 via miRNA phase separation enhances mitochondrial translation of cytochrome b (CYB), leading to increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction in HEK293T cells. The findings thus reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for uptake and delivery functional extracellular miRNAs into mitochondria.