Outcomes and Risk Factor Analysis of Plastic Bronchitis Among 321 Children with Influenza Pneumonia After Bronchoscopy Examination

作者：Qian Hu, Jianle Wu, Wang Chengqian, Wen Liang, Yulei Wang, Yuejie Zheng, Feiqiu Wen, Wenjian Wang, Uet Yu · 发表于：Infection and Drug Resistance · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.2147/idr.s405444 · 被引用次数：17 · 研究领域：Lymphatic Disorders and Treatments、Lymphadenopathy Diagnosis and Analysis、Lymphatic System and Diseases

Background: Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare and severe lung disease. It can be triggered by influenza virus infection, which is a common respiratory infection in children. Bronchoscopy can aid in the early detection and treatment of PB. However, the outcomes and risk for PB development in pediatric patients with influenza virus infection are not fully understood. Methods: Data from 321 children diagnosed with influenza virus pneumonia who underwent bronchoscopy examinations between 1st January, 2009 and 31st December, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed to assess the outcomes and risk factors associated with PB development. Results: This study included 97 girls and 224 boys with influenza virus pneumonia with a median age of 42 months. Among them, 36 patients (11.2%) were categorized as having PB based on bronchoscopy findings. PB patients had significantly longer fever durations ( p =0.010) and higher risks of developing severe conditions including respiratory failure ( p < 0.001), acute respiratory distress syndrome ( p < 0.001), and air-leak syndrome ( p < 0.001) compared to non-PB patients. Conventional treatment including the use of neuraminidase inhibitors and antibiotics did not differ between the PB and non-PB patients, but PB patients required more anti-inflammatory treatment ( p =0.019) and ventilator support ( p < 0.001). Combined univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that radiographic findings, including mediastinal emphysema ( p =0.012) and lung consoli...