Clinical features and brain MRI volumetric changes in anti‐mGluR5 encephalitis

作者：Yueqian Sun, James X. Tao, Xiong Han, Xiangqing Wang, Yulan Zhu, Yajun Lian, Guoping Ren, Qun Wang · 发表于：Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1002/acn3.51831 · 被引用次数：16 · 研究领域：Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments、Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus、Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism

BACKGROUND: Anti-metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) encephalitis is a rare and under-recognized autoimmune encephalitis. This study is conducted to characterize its clinical and neuroimaging features. METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with anti-mGluR5 encephalitis (15 new cases identified in this study and 14 previously reported cases) were included in this study and their clinical features were characterized. Brain MRI volumetric analysis using FreeSurfer software was performed in 9 new patients and compared with 25 healthy controls at both early (≤6 months of onset) and chronic (>1 year of onset) disease stages. RESULTS: The common clinical manifestations of anti-mGluR5 encephalitis included cognitive deficits (n = 21, 72.4%), behavioral and mood disturbances (n = 20, 69%), seizures (n = 16, 55.2%), and sleep disorder (n = 13, 44.8%). Tumors were observed in 7 patients. Brain MRI T2/FLAIR signal hyperintensities were observed predominantly in mesiotemporal and subcortical regions in 75.9% patients. MRI volumetric analysis demonstrated significant amygdala enlargement in both early and chronic disease stages compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). Twenty-six patients had complete or partial recovery, one remained stable, one died and one was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that cognitive impairment, behavioral disturbance, seizures, and sleep disorder are the prominent clinical manifestations of anti-mGluR5 encephalitis. Most patients showed a ...