Endoparasitoid lifestyle promotes endogenization and domestication of dsDNA viruses

作者：Benjamin Guinet, David Lepetit, Sylvain Charlat, Peter Neerup Buhl, David G. Notton, Astrid Cruaud, Jean–Yves Rasplus, Julia Stigenberg, Damien M. de Vienne, Bastien Boussau, Julien Varaldi · 发表于：eLife · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.7554/elife.85993 · 被引用次数：23 · 研究领域：Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences、Plant Virus Research Studies、Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior

The accidental endogenization of viral elements within eukaryotic genomes can occasionally provide significant evolutionary benefits, giving rise to their long-term retention, that is, to viral domestication. For instance, in some endoparasitoid wasps (whose immature stages develop inside their hosts), the membrane-fusion property of double-stranded DNA viruses have been repeatedly domesticated following ancestral endogenizations. The endogenized genes provide female wasps with a delivery tool to inject virulence factors that are essential to the developmental success of their offspring. Because all known cases of viral domestication involve endoparasitic wasps, we hypothesized that this lifestyle, relying on a close interaction between individuals, may have promoted the endogenization and domestication of viruses. By analyzing the composition of 124 Hymenoptera genomes, spread over the diversity of this clade and including free-living, ecto, and endoparasitoid species, we tested this hypothesis. Our analysis first revealed that double-stranded DNA viruses, in comparison with other viral genomic structures (ssDNA, dsRNA, ssRNA), are more often endogenized and domesticated (that is, retained by selection) than expected from their estimated abundance in insect viral communities. Second, our analysis indicates that the rate at which dsDNA viruses are endogenized is higher in endoparasitoids than in ectoparasitoids or free-living hymenopterans, which also translates into more fre...