Properties of Cosmic-Ray Sulfur and Determination of the Composition of Primary Cosmic-Ray Carbon, Neon, Magnesium, and Sulfur: Ten-Year Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

作者：M. Aguilar, L. Ali Cavasonza, B. Alpat, G. Ambrosi, L. Arruda, N. Attig, C. Bagwell, F. Barão, L. Barrin, A. Bartoloni, Seth Pree, R. Battiston, N. L. Belyaev, J. Berdugo, B. Bertucci, V. Bindi, K. Bollweg, J. Bolster, M. Borchiellini, B. Borgia, M. J. Boschini, M. Bourquin, E. F. Bueno, J.D. Burger, W. J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, J. Casaus, G. Castellini, F. Cervelli, Y. H. Chang, G. M. Chen, G. R. Chen, H. Chen, H. S. Chen, Y. Chen, Lin Cheng, H. Y. Chou, S. Chouridou, V. Choutko, C. H. Chung, C. Clark, G. Coignet, C. Consolandi, A. Contin, C. Corti, Z. Cui, S. Kokou Dadzie, Amala Dass, C. Delgado, S. Della Torre, B. Demirköz, L. Derome, S. Di Falco, V. Di Felice, C. Díaz, F. Dimiccoli, P. von Doetinchem, Fang Dong, F. Donnini, M. Duranti, A. I. Egorov, A. Eline, F. Faldi, J. H. Feng, E. Fiandrini, P.H. Fisher, V. Formato, C. Gámez, R. J. Garcı́a López, Corrado Gargiulo, H. Gast, M. Gervasi, F. Giovacchini, D. M. Gómez-Coral, J. Gong, C. Goy, Varlen Grabski, D. Grandi, M. Graziani, A. N. Guracho, S. Haino, Kyong Chol Han, R. K. Hashmani, Z. H. He, B. Heber, Timothy H. Hsieh, Jiangyong Hu, B. W. Huang, M. Incagli, W. Jang, Yi Jia, H. Jinchi, G. Karagöz, B. Khiali, G. N. Kim, Th. Kirn, O. Kounina, A. Kounine, V. Koutsenko, D. Krasnopevtsev, A. Kuhlman, A. Kulemzin, G. La Vacca, E. Laudi, G. Laurenti, G. LaVecchia, I. Lazzizzera, H. T. Lee, S. C. Lee, H. L. Li, J. Q. Li, M. Li, M. Li, Qiang Li, Qiang Li, Q. Y. Li, S. Li, Shiliang Li, J. H. Li, Zongshu Li, Juncheng Liang, M. J. Liang, Chao‐Hung Lin, Thomas Lippert, J. H. Liu, S. Q. Lu, Yao Lu, K. Luebelsmeyer, J. Luo, Shan Luo, Xi Luo, F. Machate, C. Mañá, J. Marín, J. Marquardt, T. Martin, G. Martı́nez, N. Masi, D. Maurin, T. Medvedeva, A. Menchaca-Rocha, Q. Meng, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Molero, P. Mott, L. Mussolin, J. Negrete, N. Nikonov, F. Nozzoli, J. Ocampo-Peleteiro, A. Oliva, M. Orcinha, M. A. Ottupara, M. Palermo, F. Palmonari, M. Paniccia, A. Pashnin, M. Pauluzzi, S. Pensotti, V. Plyaskin, Stepan Poluianov, X. Qin, Z. Y. Qu, L. Quadrani, P.G. Rancoita, D. Rapin, A. Reina Conde, E. Robyn, Lisa Romaneehsen, A. Rozhkov, D. Rozza, R. Z. Sagdeev, S. Schael, A. Schultz von Dratzig, G. Schwering, E. S. Seo, B. S. Shan, T. Siedenburg, Jiwei Song, Xiaojian Song, R. Sonnabend, Louis E. Strigari, T. Su, Qie Sun, Z. T. Sun, M. Tacconi, Xiao Tang, Zichao Tang, Jie Tian, Y. Tian, Samuel C.C. Ting, S. M. Ting, Nicola Tomassetti, J. Torsti, T. Urban, Ilya Usoskin, V. Vagelli, Rami Vainio, M. Valencia-Otero, E. Valente, E. Valtonen, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, M. Velasco, J. P. Vialle, C. X. Wang, L. Wang, L. Q. Wang, H. Wang, Qiuliang Wang, S. Wang, Xiaogang Wang, Yu Wang, Z. M. Wang, Chuncheng Wei, Z. Weng, H. Wu, Y. Wu, J. N. Xiao, R. Q. Xiong, Xianze Xiong, W. Xu, Qi Yan, H. Yang, Y. Yang, I. I. Yashin, Alexander M. Yelland, Han Yi, Y. H. You, Young Moon Yu, Z. Q. Yu, M. Zannoni, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, F. Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, C. Zheng, Z. M. Zheng, H. L. Zhuang, V. Zhukov, A. Zichichi, P. Zuccon · 发表于：Physical Review Letters · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1103/physrevlett.130.211002 · 被引用次数：29 · 研究领域：Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena、Atmospheric Ozone and Climate、Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry

We report the properties of primary cosmic-ray sulfur (S) in the rigidity range 2.15 GV to 3.0 TV based on 0.38×10^{6} sulfur nuclei collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment (AMS). We observed that above 90 GV the rigidity dependence of the S flux is identical to the rigidity dependence of Ne-Mg-Si fluxes, which is different from the rigidity dependence of the He-C-O-Fe fluxes. We found that, similar to N, Na, and Al cosmic rays, over the entire rigidity range, the traditional primary cosmic rays S, Ne, Mg, and C all have sizeable secondary components, and the S, Ne, and Mg fluxes are well described by the weighted sum of the primary silicon flux and the secondary fluorine flux, and the C flux is well described by the weighted sum of the primary oxygen flux and the secondary boron flux. The primary and secondary contributions of the traditional primary cosmic-ray fluxes of C, Ne, Mg, and S (even Z elements) are distinctly different from the primary and secondary contributions of the N, Na, and Al (odd Z elements) fluxes. The abundance ratio at the source for S/Si is 0.167±0.006, for Ne/Si is 0.833±0.025, for Mg/Si is 0.994±0.029, and for C/O is 0.836±0.025. These values are determined independent of cosmic-ray propagation.