Impact of FADS gene variation and dietary fatty acid exposure on biochemical and anthropomorphic phenotypes in a Hispanic/Latino cohort

作者：Susan Sergeant, Brian Keith, Michael C. Seeds, Jimaree A. Legins, Caroline Blackwell Young, Mara Z. Vitolins, Floyd H. Chilton · 发表于：Frontiers in Nutrition · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.3389/fnut.2023.1111624 · 被引用次数：12 · 研究领域：Fatty Acid Research and Health、Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis、Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

Introduction Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) synthetic products and their signaling metabolites play vital roles in immunity, inflammation, and brain development/function. Frequency differences of variants within the fatty acid desaturase ( FADS ) gene cluster affect levels of HUFAs, their biologically active products, and numerous physiological phenotypes. Fundamental questions remain regarding the impact of this genetic variation on the health of Hispanic/Latino populations. Methods Data and biospecimens (plasma, red blood cells, buffy coat-derived DNA) from 135 participants (83.7% female) were used to assess the relationship(s) between dietary PUFA levels, a FADS haplotype tagging SNP, rs174537, and the capacity of Hispanic/Latino populations to generate HUFAs in plasma and RBC as well as its potential impact on anthropomorphic phenotypes. Results The dietary habits of the cohort showed that participant diets contained a high ratio (9.3 ± 0.2, mean ± SEM) of linoleic acid ( n −6) to alpha-linolenic acid ( n −3) and also contained extremely low levels of n −3 HUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), both features of the Modern Western Diet. Compared to African and European American cohorts, the frequency of the TT rs174537 genotype was highly enriched (53% of subjects) in this Hispanic/Latino cohort and was strongly associated with lower circulating HUFA levels. For example, plasma levels of arachidonic ac...