The impact of different fertiliser management options and cultivars on nitrogen use efficiency and yield for rice cropping in the Indo-Gangetic Plain: Two seasons of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions

作者：Arti Bhatia, Nicholas Cowan, Julia Drewer, Ritu Tomer, Vinod Kumar, Shikha Sharma, Ankita Paul, Niveta Jain, Sandeep Kumar, Girish Kumar Jha, Renu Singh, Radha Prasanna, Balasubramanian Ramakrishnan, Sanjoy Bandyopadhyay, Dinesh Kumar, Mark A. Sutton, Himanshu Pathak · 发表于：Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1016/j.agee.2023.108593 · 被引用次数：42 · 研究领域：Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement、Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies

This study presents detailed crop and gas flux data from two years of rice production at the experimental farm of the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. In comparing 4 nitrogen (N) fertiliser regimes across 4 rice cultivars (CRD 310, IR-64, MTU 1010, P-44), we have added to growing evidence of the environmental costs of rice production in the region. The study shows that rice cultivar can impact yields of both grain, and total biomass produced in given circumstances, with the CRD 310 cultivar showing consistently high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for total biomass compared with other tested varieties, but not necessarily with the highest grain yield, which was P-44 in this experiment. While NUE of the rice did vary depending on experimental treatments (ranging from 41% to 73%), 73%), this did not translate directly into the reduction of emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Emissions were relatively similar across the different rice cultivars regardless of NUE. Conversely, agronomic practices that reduced total N losses were associated with higher yield. In terms of fertiliser application, the outstanding impact was of the very high methane (CH4) emissions as a result of incorporating farmyard manure (FYM) into rice paddies, which dominated the overall effect on global warming potential. While the use of nitrification and urease inhibiting substances decreased N2O emissions overall, NH3 emissions were relatively unaffected (or slight...