Deep learning to predict cervical lymph node metastasis from intraoperative frozen section of tumour in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a multicentre diagnostic study

作者：Yihao Liu, Fenghua Lai, Bo Lin, Yunquan Gu, Lili Chen, Gang Chen, Han Xiao, Han Xiao, Shuli Luo, Yu‐Yan Pang, Dandan Xiong, Бин Ли, Sui Peng, Weiming Lv, Erik K. Alexander, Haipeng Xiao, Haipeng Xiao · 发表于：EClinicalMedicine · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102007 · 被引用次数：29 · 研究领域：Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment、Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment、Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery

Background Lymph node metastasis (LNM) assessment in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is of great value. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model applied to intraoperative frozen section for prediction of LNM in PTC patients. Methods We established a deep-learning model (ThyNet-LNM) with the multiple-instance learning framework to predict LNM using whole slide images (WSIs) from intraoperative frozen sections of PTC. Data for the development and validation of ThyNet-LNM were retrospectively derived from four hospitals from January 2018 to December 2021. The ThyNet-LNM was trained using 1987 WSIs from 1120 patients obtained at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The ThyNet-LNM was then validated in the independent internal test set (479 WSIs from 280 patients) as well as three external test sets (1335 WSIs from 692 patients). The performance of ThyNet-LNM was further compared with preoperative ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). Findings The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of ThyNet-LNM were 0.80 (95% CI 0.74–0.84), 0.81 (95% CI 0.77–0.86), 0.76 (95% CI 0.68–0.83), and 0.81 (95% CI 0.75–0.85) in internal test set and three external test sets, respectively. The AUCs of ThyNet-LNM were significantly higher than those of ultrasound and CT or their combination in all four test sets (all P < 0.01). Of 397 clinically node-negative (cN0) patients, the rate of unnecessary lymph node dissection decreased f...