Measurement of Ultra-High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission of the Galactic Plane from 10 TeV to 1 PeV with LHAASO-KM2A

作者：Z. Cao, F. Aharonian, Q. An, Axikegu, Y. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, Xiao-Jun Bi, Y. J. Bi, J. T. Cai, Qin Cao, Weiwei Cao, Zhe Cao, J. F. Chang, J. F. Chang, A. M. Chen, E. S. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, Yang Chen, Ning Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, Maxwell Cui, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, Danzengluobu Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, X. Q. Dong, K. K. Duan, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Jun Fang, Kun Fang, Chunsheng Feng, Lei Feng, S. H. Feng, X. T. Feng, Y. L. Feng, S. Gabici, Bo Gao, C. D. Gao, L. Q. Gao, Qinhe Gao, Wei Gao, W. K. Gao, M. M. Ge, Li‐Sheng Geng, Gwenael Giacinti, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, Fulai Guo, Xiaolong Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, Han He, Hao-Ning He, Jiayu He, X. B. He, Y. He, Matthieu Heller, Y. K. Hor, B. W. Hou, Changming Hou, X. T. Hou, H. B. Hu, Qiang Hu, S. C. Hu, D. H. Huang, T. Q. Huang, W. J. Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Y. Huang, Y. Huang, Z. C. Huang, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, Ke Jia, K. Jiang, X. W. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, Ming Jin, M. M. Kang, Tengfei Ke, Denis Kuleshov, K. Kurinov, B. B. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, Di Li, Li Fei, H. B. Li, Hancheng Li, H. Y. Li, Jian Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, W.L Li, W.L Li, X. R. Li, Xin Li, Yunyun Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Li, En‐Wei Liang, Liang Yu, S. J. Lin, Bing Liu, Cuiping Liu, D. Liu, Haichao Liu, H. D. Liu, J. Liu, Jianglai Liu, Jiarui Liu, Mao-Yan Liu, Rui Liu, S. M. Liu, W. Liu, Yi Liu, Yinong Liu, R. Lu, Q. Luo, H. K. Lv, B. Q., L. Li, Xinhua Ma, J. R. Mao, Z. Min, W. Mitthumsiri, Hui-Jun Mu, Y. C. Nan, Andrii Neronov, Z. W. Ou, B. Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, M. Qi, Y. Q. Qi, Bing-Qiang Qiao, Jiajun Qin, D. Ruffolo, A. Sáiz, D. Semikoz, C. Y. Shao, L. Shao, OLeg B. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, Fengchun Shu, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Yang Su, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Qi-jie Tang, Z. Tang, Wenwu Tian, C. Wang, Chuxuan Wang, Guofeng Wang, H. G. Wang, H. H. Wang, J. C. Wang, K Wang, Longjun Wang, L. Y. Wang, Pei Wang, R. Wang, Wei Wang, Xiang-Gao Wang, X. Y. Wang, Yang Ocean Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, Z. Wang, Zheng Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, Tao Wen, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, Shengxian Wu, X. F. Wu, Y. S. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, D. X. Xiao, Guang-Cheng Xiao, G. G. Xin, Y. Xin, Y. Xing, Z. Xiong, D. L. Xu, Rong Xu, Rong Xu, W. L. Xu, W. Xu, Dahai Yan, Jun Yan, T Yan, C. W. Yang, Fang Yang, Fang Yang, Hongli Yang, Jiaqi Yang, Lili Yang, Min Jae Yang, Rui Yang, S. B. Yang, Yuhua Yao, Z. G. Yao, Y. M. Ye, Lina Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Qiang Yuan, Hui Yue, Hui‐Yi Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Min Zha, B. B. Zhang, Fan Zhang, Hai-Ming Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, Li Zhang, Li Zhang, P. F. Zhang, Peter Zhang, Rui Zhang, Songbo Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S.S Zhang, Xiong Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yong Zhang, Bing Zhao, Jie Zhao, Lei Zhao, Lei Zhao, S. P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Bin Zhou, Hao Zhou, J. N. Zhou, N. Zhou, Ping Zhou, Rong Zhou, X. X. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, Kai Zhu, X. Zuo · 发表于：Physical Review Letters · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1103/physrevlett.131.151001 · 被引用次数：129 · 研究领域：Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena、Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena、Neutrino Physics Research

The diffuse Galactic γ-ray emission, mainly produced via interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium and/or radiation field, is a very important probe of the distribution, propagation, and interaction of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. In this Letter, we report the measurements of diffuse γ rays from the Galactic plane between 10 TeV and 1 PeV energies, with the square kilometer array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Diffuse emissions from the inner (15°<l<125°, |b|<5°) and outer (125°<l<235°, |b|<5°) Galactic plane are detected with 29.1σ and 12.7σ significance, respectively. The outer Galactic plane diffuse emission is detected for the first time in the very- to ultra-high-energy domain (E>10 TeV). The energy spectrum in the inner Galaxy regions can be described by a power-law function with an index of -2.99±0.04, which is different from the curved spectrum as expected from hadronic interactions between locally measured cosmic rays and the line-of-sight integrated gas content. Furthermore, the measured flux is higher by a factor of ∼3 than the prediction. A similar spectrum with an index of -2.99±0.07 is found in the outer Galaxy region, and the absolute flux for 10≲E≲60 TeV is again higher than the prediction for hadronic cosmic ray interactions. The latitude distributions of the diffuse emission are consistent with the gas distribution, while the longitude distributions show clear deviation from the gas distribution. The LHAASO me...