Early Natural Menopause Is Associated With Poor Lung Health and Increased Mortality Among Female Smokers

作者：Ting Zhai, Brenda Diergaarde, David O. Wilson, Huining Kang, Akshay Sood, Samuel H. Bayliss, Jian‐Min Yuan, Maria A. Picchi, Qing Lan, Steven A. Belinsky, Jill M. Siegfried, Linda S. Cook, Shuguang Leng · 发表于：Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1097/01.ogx.0000935852.02506.85 · 研究领域：Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research、Asthma and respiratory diseases

ABSTRACT Menopause results from the decline of estrogen levels and is driven by ovarian aging. Some tissues, including the lung, may contribute to local estrogen synthesis in the postmenopausal state. Cigarette smoking is the most established factor for early menopause, and previous studies have shown that the menopause transition accelerated age-related decline of lung function following a restrictive disease pattern. In addition, studies have supported a potential synergistic effect of cigarette smoking and menopause on lung function. Delineating the effect of menopause timing and estrogen exposure on subsequent disease development may have important benefits for health maintenance and disease prevention in older women. This study aimed to assess the associations between early menopause and lung biomarkers, lung cancer risk, and cause-specific mortality. Data were obtained from the Pittsburg Lung Screening Study, a community-based research cohort of current and former smokers screened with low-dose computed tomography (CT) at baseline and 1 year later. Menstrual and reproductive history and data on respiratory symptoms were collected through questionnaires. Radiographic emphysema score was calculated from the baseline CT scan. Early menopause was defined as age at menopause of <45 years. The study cohort included female Pittsburg Lung Screening Study participants who reported natural (n = 1038) or surgical (n = 628) menopause at study entry. A total of 1064 participants ...