Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Samples from Countries within and outside the EU: A Study from the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group

作者：Tina Lejding, Lena Persson, Klaus E. Andersen, M. Bruze, Ludmyla Derevyanko, Peter Ulrich Elsner, Chee Leok Goh, Margarida Gonçalo, An E. Goossens, Mehmet Ali Gülgün, Marléne A. I. Isaksson, Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić, Howard Ira Maibach, Kayoko Matsunaga, Martin Mowitz, Rosemary L Nixon, Pailin Puangpet, Melanie D. Pratt, Marie L. A. Schuttelaar, Thanisorn Sukakul, Kaushal K. Verma, Erik Zimerson, Esen Özkaya, Cecilia Svedman · 发表于：Dermatitis · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1089/derm.2022.0053 · 被引用次数：11 · 研究领域：Contact Dermatitis and Allergies、Occupational exposure and asthma、Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity

Abstract: Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often severe and difficult to treat. The content of Cr(VI) in cement can be reduced by, for example, addition of iron(II) sulfate. Since 2005 the content of Cr(VI) in cement is regulated in the EU Directive 2003/53/EC and must not exceed 2 ppm. Since this regulation came into force, ACD caused by cement has markedly been reduced. Objective: To investigate Cr(VI) and total chromium content in samples of cement from countries within and outside the EU. Methods: The members of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) were invited to participate in the study with the aim to collect cement samples from geographically different areas. The content of Cr(VI) in the samples was estimated by the diphenyl carbazide spot test, atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess the total chromium content. Results: Forty-five cement samples were analyzed, containing amounts of Cr(VI) from <0.1 to >70 ppm. Twenty-one samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), 24 contained less. Four of 17 samples from within the EU contained >2 ppm Cr(VI), that is, higher amounts than stipulated in the EU directive, as compared with 17 samples from countries outside the EU. Conclusion: In countries outside the EU, significantly more cement samples contained >2 ppm Cr(VI).