Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant, lowers cholesterol and markers of cardiovascular risk in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia

作者：Theodore P. Ciaraldi, Schafer Boeder, Sunder Mudaliar, Erin R. Giovannetti, Robert R. Henry, Jeremy Pettus · 发表于：Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1111/dom.15070 · 被引用次数：41 · 研究领域：Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress、Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins、Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

Abstract Aim To determine the effects of astaxanthin treatment on lipids, cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers, glucose tolerance, insulin action and inflammation in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia. Materials and Methods Adult participants with dyslipidaemia and prediabetes ( n = 34) underwent baseline blood draw, an oral glucose tolerance test and a one‐step hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp. They were then randomized ( n = 22 treated, 12 placebo) to receive astaxanthin 12 mg daily or placebo for 24 weeks. Baseline studies were repeated after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy. Results After 24 weeks, astaxanthin treatment significantly decreased low‐density lipoprotein (−0.33 ± 0.11 mM) and total cholesterol (−0.30 ± 0.14 mM) (both P < .05). Astaxanthin also reduced levels of the CVD risk markers fibrinogen (−473 ± 210 ng/mL), L‐selectin (−0.08 ± 0.03 ng/mL) and fetuin‐A (−10.3 ± 3.6 ng/mL) (all P < .05). While the effects of astaxanthin treatment did not reach statistical significance, there were trends toward improvements in the primary outcome measure, insulin‐stimulated, whole‐body glucose disposal (+0.52 ± 0.37 mg/m 2 /min, P = .078), as well as fasting [insulin] (−5.6 ± 8.4 pM, P = .097) and HOMA2‐IR (−0.31 ± 0.16, P = .060), suggesting improved insulin action. No consistent significant differences from baseline were observed for any of these outcomes in the placebo group. Astaxanthin was safe and well tolerated with no clinically significant adverse ev...