Multiple origins of mountain biodiversity in New Zealand's largest plant radiation

作者：Anne E. Thomas, Heidi M. Meudt, Matthew J. Larcombe, Javier Igea, William G. Lee, Alexandre Antonelli, Andrew J. Tanentzap · 发表于：Journal of Biogeography · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1111/jbi.14589 · 被引用次数：17 · 研究领域：Species Distribution and Climate Change、Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies、Genetic diversity and population structure

Abstract Aim How mountains accumulate species diversity remains poorly understood, particularly the relative role of in situ cladogenesis compared with colonization from lower elevations. Here, we estimated the contributions of in situ cladogenesis and colonization in generating biodiversity of a large mountain plant radiation and determined the importance of niche adaptation and divergence in these processes. We expected cladogenesis would accompany novel habitats formed by mountain uplift, but colonization would become more important with time as dispersal opportunities accrue. Location New Zealand, Southern Alps. Taxon Veronica sect. Hebe (Plantaginaceae). Methods We estimated the most complete time‐calibrated phylogeny to date for Veronica sect. Hebe to quantify rates of in situ cladogenesis and colonization of mountain habitat based on historical biogeographical models. We used environmental niche modelling to quantify species' climate niches and estimate niche disparity and divergence over time. Results In situ cladogenesis generated more species in the mountains than colonization from lowlands. Whereas cladogenesis slowed over time, colonization increased, especially in the alpine zone. Both adaptive ecological speciation along climate niche axes and non‐adaptive, vicariant speciation contributed to cladogenesis. However, climate niche disparity through time became saturated, suggesting competition for niche space was important. Colonization brought more divergent spec...