Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish

作者：Lena Smirnova, Brian Caffo, David H. Gracias, Qi Huang, Itzy E. Morales Pantoja, Bo‐Hao Tang, Donald J. Zack, Cynthia Berlinicke, J. Lomax Boyd, T.D. Harris, Erik C. Johnson, Brett J. Kagan, Jeffrey Kahn, Alysson R. Muotri, Barton L. Paulhamus, Jens C. Schwamborn, Jesse D. Plotkin, Alexander S. Szalay, Joshua T Vogelstein, Paul F. Worley, Thomas Härtung · 发表于：Frontiers in Science · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.3389/fsci.2023.1017235 · 被引用次数：274 · 研究领域：Neuroscience and Neural Engineering、3D Printing in Biomedical Research、Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation

Recent advances in human stem cell-derived brain organoids promise to replicate critical molecular and cellular aspects of learning and memory and possibly aspects of cognition in vitro . Coining the term “organoid intelligence” (OI) to encompass these developments, we present a collaborative program to implement the vision of a multidisciplinary field of OI. This aims to establish OI as a form of genuine biological computing that harnesses brain organoids using scientific and bioengineering advances in an ethically responsible manner. Standardized, 3D, myelinated brain organoids can now be produced with high cell density and enriched levels of glial cells and gene expression critical for learning. Integrated microfluidic perfusion systems can support scalable and durable culturing, and spatiotemporal chemical signaling. Novel 3D microelectrode arrays permit high-resolution spatiotemporal electrophysiological signaling and recording to explore the capacity of brain organoids to recapitulate the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory formation and, ultimately, their computational potential. Technologies that could enable novel biocomputing models via stimulus-response training and organoid-computer interfaces are in development. We envisage complex, networked interfaces whereby brain organoids are connected with real-world sensors and output devices, and ultimately with each other and with sensory organ organoids (e.g. retinal organoids), and are trained using biofeedback...