Leishmania species: A narrative review on surface proteins with structural aspects involved in host–pathogen interaction

作者：R. S. Kaushal, Nidhi Naik, Maitri Prajapati, Shruti Rane, Himali Raulji, NGO Festus Afu, Tarun Kumar Upadhyay, Mοhd Saeed · 发表于：Chemical Biology & Drug Design · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1111/cbdd.14227 · 被引用次数：28 · 研究领域：Research on Leishmaniasis Studies、Trypanosoma species research and implications、Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins

In tropical and subtropical regions of the world, leishmaniasis is endemic and causes a range of clinical symptoms in people, from severe tegumentary forms (such as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and diffuse leishmaniasis) to lethal visceral forms. The protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania causes leishmaniasis, which is still a significant public health issue, according to the World Health Organization 2022. The public's worry about the neglected tropical disease is growing as new foci of the illness arise, which are exacerbated by alterations in behavior, changes in the environment, and an enlarged range of sand fly vectors. Leishmania research has advanced significantly during the past three decades in a few different avenues. Despite several studies on Leishmania, many issues, such as illness control, parasite resistance, parasite clearance, etc., remain unresolved. The key virulence variables that play a role in the pathogenicity-host-pathogen relationship of the parasite are comprehensively discussed in this paper. The important Leishmania virulence factors, such as Kinetoplastid Membrane Protein-11 (KMP-11), Leishmanolysin (GP63), Proteophosphoglycan (PPG), Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), Glycosylinositol Phospholipids (GIPL), and others, have an impact on the pathophysiology of the disease and enable the parasite to spread the infection. Leishmania infection may arise from virulence factors; they are treatable with medications or vaccinations more promptly and might greatly s...