The role of autophagy in bone metabolism and clinical significance

作者：Jing Wang, Yi Zhang, Jin Cao, Yi Wang, Nadia Anwar, Zihan Zhang, Dingmei Zhang, Yaping Ma, Yin Xiao, Lan Xiao, Xin Wang · 发表于：Autophagy · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1080/15548627.2023.2186112 · 被引用次数：311 · 研究领域：Bone and Joint Diseases、Autophagy in Disease and Therapy、Inflammasome and immune disorders

The skeletal system is the basis of the vertebral body composition, which affords stabilization sites for muscle attachment, protects vital organs, stores mineral ions, supplies places to the hematopoietic system, and participates in complex endocrine and immune system. Not surprisingly, bones are constantly reabsorbed, formed, and remodeled under physiological conditions. Once bone metabolic homeostasis is interrupted (including inflammation, tumors, fractures, and bone metabolic diseases), the body rapidly initiates bone regeneration to maintain bone tissue structure and quality. Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential metabolic process in eukaryotic cells, which maintains metabolic energy homeostasis and plays a vital role in bone regeneration by controlling molecular degradation and organelle renewal. One relatively new observation is that mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and vascularization process exhibit autophagy, and the molecular mechanisms and targets involved are being explored and updated. The role of autophagy is also emerging in degenerative diseases (intervertebral disc degeneration [IVDD], osteoarthritis [OA], etc.) and bone metabolic diseases (osteoporosis [OP], osteitis deformans, osteosclerosis). The use of autophagy regulators to modulate autophagy has benefited bone regeneration, including MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) inhibitors, AMPK activators, and emerging phytochemicals. The application of bioma...