A novel oral formulation of the melanocortin-1 receptor agonist PL8177 resolves inflammation in preclinical studies of inflammatory bowel disease and is gut restricted in rats, dogs, and humans

作者：John H. Dodd, Robert Jordan, Marie Makhlina, Keith C. Barnett, Ad F. Roffel, Carl Spana, Alison E. Obr, Priyanka Dhingra, Paul S. Kayne · 发表于：Frontiers in Immunology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2023.1083333 · 被引用次数：14 · 研究领域：Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases、Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases、Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Introduction PL8177 is a potent and selective agonist of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). PL8177 has shown efficacy in reversing intestinal inflammation in a cannulated rat ulcerative colitis model. To facilitate oral delivery, a novel, polymer-encapsulated formulation of PL8177 was developed. This formulation was tested in 2 rat ulcerative colitis models and evaluated for distribution, in vivo , in rats, dogs, and humans. Methods The rat models of colitis were induced by treatment with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or dextran sulfate sodium. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of colon tissues was performed to characterize the mechanism of action. The distribution and concentration of PL8177 and the main metabolite within the GI tract after a single oral dose of PL8177 was investigated in rats and dogs. A phase 0 clinical study using a single microdose (70 µg) of [ 14 C]-labeled PL8177 investigated the release of PL8177 in the colon of healthy men after oral administration. Results Rats treated with 50 µg oral PL8177 demonstrated significantly lower macroscopic colon damage scores and improvement in colon weight, stool consistency, and fecal occult blood vs the vehicle without active drug. Histopathology analysis resulted in the maintenance of intact colon structure and barrier, reduced immune cell infiltration, and increased enterocytes with PL8177 treatment. Transcriptome data show that oral PL8177 50 µg treatment causes relative cell populations and key gene expressions lev...