Comparing water related indicators and comprehensively evaluating cropping systems and irrigation strategies in the North China Plain for sustainable production

作者：Jintao Wang, Xinliang Dong, Xiaolong Zhang, Xuejia Zhang, Tian Liu, Boyuan Lou, Xiaojing Liu, Hongyong Sun · 发表于：Ecological Indicators · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110014 · 被引用次数：17 · 研究领域：Irrigation Practices and Water Management、Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies、Water resources management and optimization

The fully irrigated winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system (DWM) has caused groundwater overexploitation and aggravated water scarcity in the North China Plain (NCP). Therefore, it is necessary to select alternative cropping systems with effective irrigation strategies to maintain the sustainable use of groundwater and maintain crop productivity. However, the evaluation indicators, especially the water-related indicators of cropping systems and irrigation strategies in current studies are not consistent and it is difficult to obtain a comprehensive evaluation result. Hence, to overcome these challenges, this study reviewed and compared groundwater indicators, water use indicators, water production performance indicators and output indicators, and summarized twelve evaluation combinations. Four evaluation combinations with grain yield as output indicator were selected to comprehensively evaluate the cropping systems and irrigation strategies developed by Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) at a typical site in the NCP in the past 52 years. The indicator weights were determined by analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight method, random forest algorithm and principal component analysis. Evaluation results showed that when the main goal was to guarantee food safety or improve the beneficial water use, the DWM was selected as the best choice and the WMM (winter wheat–summer maize → spring maize system, three crops in two years) was the alternative croppin...