Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions

作者：Agnieszka Sorensen, Kshitij Agarwal, K. W. Brown, Z. Chajęcki, Paweł Danielewicz, C. Drischler, Stefano Gandolfi, Jeremy W. Holt, Matthias Kaminski, Che-Ming Ko, Rohit Kumar, Bao-An Li, W. G. Lynch, Alan B. McIntosh, William G. Newton, Scott Pratt, Oleh Savchuk, Maria Stefaniak, Ingo Tews, ManYee Betty Tsang, R. Vogt, H.H. Wolter, H. Zbroszczyk, Navid Abbasi, Jörg Aichelin, A. Andronic, Steffen A. Bass, F. Becattini, David Bernhard Blaschke, Marcus Bleicher, C. Blume, Elena L. Bratkovskaya, B. ALEX BROWN, David A. Brown, Alberto Camaiani, G. Casini, Katerina Chatziioannou, A. Chbihi, M. Colonna, M. D. Cozma, Veronica Dexheimer, Dong, Xin, Travis Dore, Lipei Du, J. A. Dueñas, Hannah Elfner, Wojciech Florkowski, Yuki Fujimoto, R. J. Furnstahl, Alexandra Gade, T. Galatyuk, Charles Gale, F. J. M. Geurts, F. Gramegna, Sašo Grozdanov, K. Hagel, Steven P. Harris, W. C. Haxton, Ulrich Heinz, Michal P. Heller, O. Hen, H. Hergert, N. Herrmann, Huan Zhong Huang, Xu-Guang Huang, Natsumi Ikeno, Gabriele Inghirami, Jakub Jankowski, Jiangyong Jia, José C. Jiménez, Joseph Kapusta, B. Kardan, Iurii Karpenko, Declan Keane, Dmitri E. Kharzeev, Andrej Kugler, Arnaud Le Fèvre, Dean Lee, Hong Liu, Michael A. Lisa, W. J. Llope, I. Lombardo, Manuel Lorenz, T. Marchi, Larry McLerran, U. Mosel, Anton Motornenko, Berndt Müller, P. Napolitani, Joseph B. Natowitz, Witold Nazarewicz, Jorge L. Noronha, Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler, Grażyna Odyniec, P. Papakonstantinou, Zuzana Paulínyová, Jorge Piekarewicz, Robert D. Pisarski, Christopher J. Plumberg, Madappa Prakash, Jørgen Randrup, Claudia Ratti, Peter Rau, Sanjay G. Reddy, Hans-Rudolf Schmidt, Paolo Russotto, Radosław Ryblewski, Andreas Schäfer, B. Schenke, Srimoyee Sen, Peter Senger, Richard Seto, Chun Shen, Bradley Sherrill, Mayank Singh, Vladimir V. Skokov, Michał Spaliński, Jan Steinheimer, Mikhail Stephanov, Joachim Stroth, Christian Sturm, Kai-Jia Sun, Aihong Tang, Giorgio Torrieri, W. Trautmann, G. Verde, Volodymyr Vovchenko, Ryoichi Wada, Fuqiang Wang, Gang Wang, K. Werner, Nu Xu, Zhangbu Xu, Ho-Ung Yee, Sherry Yennello, Yi Yin · 发表于：arXiv (Cornell University) · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.48550/arxiv.2301.13253 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：High-Energy Particle Collisions Research、Nuclear physics research studies、Astro and Planetary Science

The nuclear equation of state (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at RHIC and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the essential role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations ...