Nanomaterials for mRNA ‐based therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities

作者：Defeng Li, Qisong Liu, Meifeng Yang, Haoming Xu, Min‐zheng Zhu, Yuan Zhang, Jing Xu, Cheng‐mei Tian, Jun Yao, Lisheng Wang, Yu‐jie Liang · 发表于：Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1002/btm2.10492 · 被引用次数：67 · 研究领域：RNA Interference and Gene Delivery、Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques、Virus-based gene therapy research

Messenger RNA (mRNA) holds great potential in developing immunotherapy, protein replacement, and genome editing. In general, mRNA does not have the risk of being incorporated into the host genome and does not need to enter the nucleus for transfection, and it can be expressed even in nondividing cells. Therefore, mRNA-based therapeutics provide a promising strategy for clinical treatment. However, the efficient and safe delivery of mRNA remains a crucial constraint for the clinical application of mRNA therapeutics. Although the stability and tolerability of mRNA can be enhanced by directly retouching the mRNA structure, there is still an urgent need to improve the delivery of mRNA. Recently, significant progress has been made in nanobiotechnology, providing tools for developing mRNA nanocarriers. Nano-drug delivery system is directly used for loading, protecting, and releasing mRNA in the biological microenvironment and can be used to stimulate the translation of mRNA to develop effective intervention strategies. In the present review, we summarized the concept of emerging nanomaterials for mRNA delivery and the latest progress in enhancing the function of mRNA, primarily focusing on the role of exosomes in mRNA delivery. Moreover, we outlined its clinical applications so far. Finally, the key obstacles of mRNA nanocarriers are emphasized, and promising strategies to overcome these obstacles are proposed. Collectively, nano-design materials exert functions for specific mRNA a...