Controlled-release urea application and optimized nitrogen applied strategy reduced nitrogen leaching and maintained grain yield of paddy fields in Northwest China

作者：Ruliang Liu, Ying Wang, Yu Hong, Fang Wang, Xinping Mao, Jun Yi · 发表于：Frontiers in Plant Science · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.3389/fpls.2023.1033506 · 被引用次数：22 · 研究领域：Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics、Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics、Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement

Nitrogen loss from paddy fields contributes to most of the nitrogen pollution load in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area, threatening the water quality of the Yellow River. Consequently, optimizing the nitrogen management practices in this area is essential, which can maintain paddy grain productivity and reduce nitrogen loss simultaneously. Five treatments with different nitrogen application rates and nitrogen fertilizer types were set in this study, including conventional urea application with zero nitrogen application rate (CK, 0 kg hm -2 ), nitrogen expert-based fertilization application strategy (NE, 210 kg hm -2 ), optimized nitrogen fertilizer application strategy recommended by local government (OPT, 240 kg hm -2 ), and farmer’s experience-based nitrogen fertilizer application strategy (FP, 300 kg hm -2 ), and controlled-release urea application (CRU, 180 kg hm -2 ). The data from one growth season field experiment in 2021 revealed the dynamics of nitrogen concentration, paddy yield and its nitrogen uptake characteristic, and nitrogen balance in the paddy field under different nitrogen application practices. Most nitrogen leaching was observed during the seedling and tillering stages in the form of nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 – N). Compared with the FP, the CRU and OPT significantly reduced the nitrogen concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), and NO 3 – N in the surface and soil water and reduced the nitrogen leaching at 100 cm soil dept...