Multi-omics profiling and digital image analysis reveal the potential prognostic and immunotherapeutic properties of CD93 in stomach adenocarcinoma

作者：Baokang Wu, Lei Fu, Xingqi Guo, Hui‐xin Hu, Li Yang, Yu Shi, Yizhou Zhang, Shukun Han, Chao Lv, Yu Tian · 发表于：Frontiers in Immunology · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2023.984816 · 被引用次数：13 · 研究领域：Complement system in diseases、Cell Adhesion Molecules Research、Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer

Background Recent evidence highlights the fact that immunotherapy has significantly improved patient outcomes. CD93, as a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, was correlated with tumor-associated angiogenesis; however, how CD93 correlates with immunotherapy in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remains unclear. Methods TCGA, GTEx, GEO, TIMER2.0, HPA, TISIDB, TCIA, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, and ImmuCellAI public databases were used to elucidate CD93 in STAD. Visualization and statistical analysis of data were performed by R (Version 4.1.3), GraphPad (Version 8.0.1), and QuPath (Version 0.3.2). Results CD93 was highly expressed in STAD compared with adjacent normal tissues. The overexpression of CD93 was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis in STAD. There was a negative correlation between CD93 expression levels with CD93 mutation and methylation in STAD. Our results revealed that CD93 expression was positively associated with most immunosuppressive genes (including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG3), immunostimulatory genes, HLA, chemokine, and chemokine receptor proteins in STAD. Furthermore, in STAD, CD93 was noticeably associated with the abundance of multiple immune cell infiltration levels. Functional HALLMARK and KEGG term enhancement analysis of CD93 through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was correlated with the process of the angiogenesis pathway. Subsequently, digital image analysis results by QuPath revealed that the properties of CD93 + cells were statistically signific...