Analysis of a Sabin-Strain Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Response to a Circulating Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Event in Sichuan Province, China 2019-2021

作者：Hong Yang, Qi Qi, Yong Zhang, Ning Wen, Lei Cao, Yü Liu, Chunxiang Fan, Dongmei Yan, Xiaoping Zhu, Lixin Hao, Shuangli Zhu, Qianli Ma, Jiajie Liu, Chao Ma, Lei Nan, Yong Chen, Xiaozhen Ma, Na Chen, Kun Deng, Ge Shao, Xianxiang Ding, Zhijie An, Lance E. Rodewald, Xiaolei Li, Dongyan Wang, Hui Zhu, Huaqing Wang, Zijian Feng, Wenbo Xu, Jiushun Zhou, Zundong Yin, China cVDPV2 Response Experts Group, Weizhong Yang, Qun Li, Huiming Luo, Aiqiang Xu, Fang Fang · 发表于：JAMA Network Open · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.49710 · 被引用次数：12 · 研究领域：Viral Infections and Immunology Research、Respiratory viral infections research、Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology

Importance: The Sabin-strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) may be a tool for polio outbreak response in certain situations. Objective: To investigate the response to a type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV2) outbreak. Design, Setting, and Participants: This case series was conducted in China after a VDPV2 was detected in stool specimens from a child with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Sichuan Province in 2019, 3 years after the global withdrawal of live, attenuated type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Investigation followed National Health Commission and World Health Organization guidance and included searching hospitals for unreported AFP cases; testing stool specimens from the child, his contacts, and local children; enhanced environmental surveillance for VDPV2s in wastewater; and measuring vaccination coverage. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns were conducted in a wide geographic area. Main Outcomes and Measures: Any VDPV2 detection after completion of the supplementary immunization activities. Results: A 28-nucleotide-change VDPV2 was isolated from a young boy. Three VDPV2s were detected in healthy children; 2 were contacts of the original child, and none had paralysis. A search of 31 million hospital records found 10 unreported AFP cases; none were polio. No type 2 polioviruses were found in wastewater. Prior to the event, polio vaccine coverage was 65% among children younger than 5 years. Sabin-strain IPV campaigns reached more than 97% of targeted children, admin...