Differential response to prolonged amoxicillin treatment: long-term resilience of the microbiome versus long-lasting perturbations in the gut resistome

作者：Achal Dhariwal, Lars Christian Haugli Bråten, Kjersti Sturød, Gabriela Salvadori, Ahmed Bargheet, Heidi Aarø Åmdal, Roger Junges, Dag Berild, John‐Anker Zwart, Kjersti Storheim, Fernanda C. Petersen · 发表于：Gut Microbes · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1080/19490976.2022.2157200 · 被引用次数：46 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research、Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies

The collateral impact of antibiotics on the microbiome has attained increasing attention. However, the ecological consequences of long-term antibiotic exposure on the gut microbiome, including antibiotic resistance, are still limited. Here, we investigated long-term exposure effects to amoxicillin on the human gut microbiome and resistome. Fecal samples were collected from 20 patients receiving 3-months of amoxicillin or placebo treatment as part of a Norwegian multicenter clinical trial on chronic low back pain (AIM study). Samples were collected at baseline, last day of treatment, and 9 months after antibiotic cessation. The abundance and diversity of microbial and resistome composition were characterized using whole shotgun and functional metagenomic sequencing data. While the microbiome profiles of placebo subjects were stable over time, discernible changes in diversity and overall microbiome composition were observed after amoxicillin treatment. In particular, health-associated short-chain fatty acid producing species significantly decreased in proportion. However, these changes were short-lived as the microbiome showed overall recovery 9 months post-treatment. On the other hand, exposure to long-term amoxicillin was associated with an increase in total antimicrobial resistance gene load and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes, with persistent changes even at 9 months post-treatment. Additionally, beta-lactam resistance was the most affected antibiotic class, sug...