Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy

作者：Xiaocong Pang, He Xu, Zhiwei Qiu, Hanxu Zhang, Ran Xie, Zhiyan Liu, Yanlun Gu, Nan Zhao, Qian Xiang, Yimin Cui · 发表于：Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6 · 被引用次数：1242 · 研究领域：Cell Adhesion Molecules Research、CAR-T cell therapy research、Immunotherapy and Immune Responses

Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in biochemical and mechanical signals between cells and their environment in a wide range of states in health and diseases. Integrin functions are dependable on a delicate balance between active and inactive status via multiple mechanisms, including protein-protein interactions, conformational changes, and trafficking. Due to their exposure on the cell surface and sensitivity to the molecular blockade, integrins have been investigated as pharmacological targets for nearly 40 years, but given the complexity of integrins and sometimes opposite characteristics, targeting integrin therapeutics has been a challenge. To date, only seven drugs targeting integrins have been successfully marketed, including abciximab, eptifibatide, tirofiban, natalizumab, vedolizumab, lifitegrast, and carotegrast. Currently, there are approximately 90 kinds of integrin-based therapeutic drugs or imaging agents in clinical studies, including small molecules, antibodies, synthetic mimic peptides, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, imaging agents, etc. A serious lesson from past integrin drug discovery and research efforts is that successes rely on both a deep understanding of integrin-regulatory mechanisms and unmet clinical needs. Herein, we provide a systematic and complete review of all int...