Characterization of different contaminants and current knowledge for defining chemical mixtures in human milk: A review

作者：Zhi Hao Chi, Cindy Gates Goodyer, Barbara F. Hales, Stéphane Bayen · 发表于：Environment International · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1016/j.envint.2022.107717 · 被引用次数：42 · 研究领域：Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact、Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals、Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment

Hundreds of xenobiotics, with very diverse origins, have been detected in human milk, including contaminants of emerging concern, personal care products and other current-use substances reflecting lifestyle. The routes of exposure to these chemicals include dermal absorption, ingestion and inhalation. Specific families of chemicals are dominant among human milk monitoring studies (e.g., organochlorine pesticides, bisphenol A, dioxins), even though other understudied families may be equally toxicologically relevant (e.g., food-processing chemicals, current-use plasticizers and flame retardants, mycotoxins). Importantly, the lack of reliable human milk monitoring data for some individual chemicals and, especially, for complex mixtures, is a major factor hindering risk assessment. Non-targeted screening can be used as an effective tool to identify unknown contaminants of concern in human milk. This approach, in combination with novel methods to conduct risk assessments on the chemical mixtures detected in human milk, will assist in elucidating exposures that may have adverse effects on the development of breastfeeding infants.