Association of Metformin With the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

作者：Amitha Domalpally, Samuel A. Whittier, Qing Pan, Dana Dabelea, Christine Darwin, William C. Knowler, Christine G. Lee, José A. Luchsinger, Neil H. White, Emily Y. Chew, George A. Bray, Kishore M. Gadde, Iris W. Culbert, Jennifer Arceneaux, Annie Chatellier, Amber Dragg, Catherine M. Champagne, Crystal Duncan, Barbara Eberhardt, Frank L. Greenway, Fonda G. Guillory, April A. Herbert, Michael L. Jeffirs, Betty M. Kennedy, Erma Levy, Monica Lockett, Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Laura H. Morris, Lee E. Melancon, Donna H. Ryan, Deborah A. Sanford, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Lisa L. Smith, Julia A. St. Amant, Richard T. Tulley, Paula C. Vicknair, Donald Williamson, Jeffery J. Zachwieja, Kenneth S. Polonsky, Janet Tobian, David A. Ehrmann, Margaret J. Matulik, Karla A. Temple, Bart Clark, Kirsten Czech, Catherine DeSandre, Brittnie Dotson, Ruthanne Hilbrich, Wylie McNabb, Ann R. Semenske, Jose F. Caro, Kevin Furlong, Barry J. Goldstein, Pamela G. Watson, Kellie A. Smith, Jewel Mendoza, Marsha Simmons, Wendi Wildman, Renee Liberoni, John Spandorfer, Constance Pepe, Richard P. Donahue, Ronald Goldberg, Ronald J. Prineas, Jeanette Calles, Anna Giannella, Patricia M. Rowe, Juliet Sanguily, Paul Cassanova-Romero, Sumaya Castillo-Florez, Hermes Flórez, Rajesh Garg, Lascelles Kirby, Olga Lara, Carmen Larreal, Valerie McLymont, Jadell Mendez, Arlette Perry, Patrice G. Saab, Bertha Veciana, Steven M. Haffner, Helen P. Hazuda, Maria G. Montez, Kathy Hattaway, Juan Isaac, Carlos Lorenzo, Arlene Martinez, Monica Salazar, Tatiana Walker, Richard F. Hamman, Patricia V. Nash, Sheila C. Steinke, Lisa Testaverde, Jennifer Truong, Denise Anderson, Larry B. Ballonoff, Alexis Bouffard, Brian C. Bucca, B. Ned Calonge, Lynne Delve, Martha Farago, James O. Hill, Shelley R. Hoyer, Tonya Jenkins, Bonnie T. Jortberg, Dione Lenz, Marsha Miller, Thomas Nilan, Leigh Perreault, David W. Price, Judith G. Regensteiner, Emily B. Schroeder, Helen Seagle, Carissa M. Smith, Brent VanDorsten, Edward S. Horton, Medha Munshi, Kathleen E. Lawton, Sharon D. Jackson, Catherine S. Poirier, Kati Swift, Ronald A. Arky, Marybeth Bryant, Jacqueline P. Burke, Enrique Caballero, Karen M. Callaphan, Barbara Fargnoli, Therese Franklin, Om P. Ganda, Ashley Guidi, Mathew Guido, Alan M. Jacobsen, Lyn M. Kula, Margaret Kocal, Lori Lambert, Sarah Ledbury, Maureen A. Malloy, Roeland J.W. Middelbeek, Maryanne Nicosia, Cathryn F. Oldmixon, Jocelyn Pan, Marizel Quitingon, Riley Rainville, Stacy Rubtchinsky, Ellen W. Seely, Jessica Sansoucy, Dana Schweizer, Donald C. Simonson, Fannie Smith, Caren G. Solomon, Jeanne Spellman, James H. Warram, Steven E. Kahn, Basma Fattaleh, Brenda K. Montgomery, Celeste Colegrove, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Robert H. Knopp, Edward W. Lipkin, Michelle Marr, Ivy Morgan-Taggart, Anne Murillo, Kayla O’Neal, Dace Trence, Lonnese Taylor, April Thomas, Elaine C. Tsai, Samuel Dagogo‐Jack, Abbas E. Kitabchi, Mary E. Murphy, Laura J. Taylor, Jennifer Dolgoff, William B. Applegate, Michael Bryer‐Ash, Debra Clark, Sandra L. Frieson, Uzoma N. Ibebuogu, Raed Imseis, Helen Lambeth, Lynne C. Lichtermann, Hooman Oktaei, Harriet Ricks, Lily M.K. Rutledge, Amy R. Sherman, Clara M. Smith, Judith E. Soberman, Beverly Williams-Cleaves, Avnisha Patel, Ebenezer A. Nyenwe, Ethel Faye Hampton, Boyd E. Metzger, Mark E. Molitch, Mariana K. Johnson, Daphne T. Adelman, Catherine Behrends, Michelle Cook, Marian Fitzgibbon, Mimi M. Giles, Deloris Heard, Cheryl K.H. Johnson, Diane Larsen, A. V. Lowe, Megan Lyman, David D. McPherson, Samsam C. Penn, Thomas Pitts, Renee Reinhart, Susan Roston, Pamela A. Schinleber, Amisha Wallia, David M. Nathan, Charles McKitrick, Heather Turgeon, Mary Larkin, Marielle Mugford, Kathy Abbott, Ellen Anderson, Laurie Bissett, Kristy Bondi, Enrico Cagliero, José C. Florez, Linda M. Delahanty, Valerie Goldman, Elaine Grassa, Lindsery Gurry, Kali D’Anna, Fernelle Leandre, Peter Lou, Alexandra Poulos, Elyse Raymond, Valerie Ripley, Christine Stevens, Beverly Tseng, Jerrold M. Olefsky, Elizabeth Barrett‐Connor, Sunder Mudaliar, Maria Rosario G. Araneta, Mary Lou Carrion-Petersen, Karen Vejvoda, Sarah Bassiouni, Madeline Beltran, Lauren N. Claravall, Jonalle M. Dowden, Steven V. Edelman, Pranav S. Garimella, Robert R. Henry, Javiva Horne, Marycie Lamkin, Simona Szerdi Janesch, Diana Leos, William H. Polonsky, Rosa Ruiz, Jean Louise M. Smith, Jennifer Torio-Hurley, F. Xavier Pi‐Sunyer, Jane E. Lee, Susan Hagamen, David B. Allison, Nnenna Agharanya, Nancy J. Aronoff, Maria Baldo, Jill P. Crandall, Sandra T. Foo, José A. Luchsinger, Carmen Pal, Kathy Parkes, Mary Beth Pena, Ellen S. Rooney, Gretchen E.H. Van Wye, Kristine A. Viscovich, Mary de Groot, David G. Marrero, Kieren J. Mather, Melvin Prince, Susie M. Kelly, Marcia A. Jackson, Gina McAtee, Paula Putenney, Ronald T. Ackermann, Carolyn M. Cantrell, Yolanda F. Dotson, Edwin S. Fineberg, Megan Fultz, John C. Guare, Angela Hadden, James M. Ignaut, Marion S. Kirkman, Erin O’Kelly Phillips, Kisha L. Pinner, Beverly D. Porter, Paris Roach, Nancy Rowland, Madelyn L. Wheeler, Vanita R. Aroda, Michelle Magee, Robert E. Ratner, Gretchen Youssef, Sue Shapiro, Natalie Andon, Catherine Bavido-Arrage, Geraldine Boggs, Marjorie Bronsord, Ernestine Brown, Holly Love Burkott, Wayman W. Cheatham, Susan Cola, Cindy Evans, Peggy Gibbs, Tracy Kellum, Lilia Leon, Milvia Lagarda, Claresa Levatan, Milajurine Lindsay, Asha K. Nair, Jean Park, Maureen Passaro, Angela Silverman, Gabriel I. Uwaifo, Debra Wells-Thayer, Renee Wiggins, Mohammed Saad, Karol E. Watson, Maria Budget, Sujata Jinagouda, Medhat Botrous, Anthony Sosa, Sameh Tadros, Khan Akbar, Claudia Conzues, Perpetua Magpuri, Kathy Ngo, Amer Rassam, Debra Waters, Kathy Xapthalamous, Julio V. Santiago, Angela L. Brown, Samia Das, Prajakta Khare-Ranade, Tamara Stich, Ana Santiago, Edwin B. Fisher, Emma Hurt, Tracy Jones, Michelle Kerr, Lucy Ryder, Cormarie Wernimont, Sherita Hill Golden, Christopher D. Saudek, Vanessa Bradley, Emily Sullivan, Tracy Whittington, Caroline Abbas, Adrienne Allen, Frederick L. Brancati, Sharon Cappelli, Jeanne M. Clark, Jeanne Charleston, Janice Freel, Katherine Horak, Alicia Greene, Dawn Jiggetts, Deloris Johnson, Hope Joseph, Kimberly Loman, Nestoras Mathioudakis, Henry Mosley, John Reusing, Richard R. Rubin, Alafia Samuels, Thomas W. Shields, Shawne Stephens, Kerry J. Stewart, LeeLana Thomas, Evonne Utsey, Paula Williamson, David S. Schade, Karwyn S. Adams, Janene L. Canady, Carolyn Johannes, Claire Hemphill, Penny Hyde, Leslie F. Atler, Patrick J. Boyle, Mark R. Burge, Lisa Chai, Kathleen Colleran, Ateka Fondino, Ysela Gonzales, Doris A. Hernandez-McGinnis, Patricia Katz, Carolyn King, Julia Middendorf, Sofya Rubinchik, Willette Senter, Jill P. Crandall, Harry Shamoon, Janet O. Brown, Gilda Trandafirescu, Danielle Powell, Elsie Adorno, Liane Cox, Helena Duffy, Samuel S. Engel, Allison Friedler, Angela Goldstein, Crystal J. Howard-Century, Jennifer Lukin, Stacey Kloiber, Nadege Longchamp, Helen Martinez, Dorothy Pompi, Jonathan Scheindlin, Elissa Violino, Elizabeth A. Walker, Judith Wylie‐Rosett, Elise Zimmerman, Joel Zonszein, Trevor J. Orchard, Elizabeth M. Venditti, Rena R. Wing, Susan Jeffries, Gaye Koenning, M. Kaye Kramer, Marie Smith, Susan I. Barr, Catherine Benchoff, Miriam Boraz, Lisa Clifford, Rebecca Culyba, Marlene Frazier, Ryan Gilligan, Stephanie Guimond, Susan Harrier, Louann Harris, Andrea M. Kriska, Qurashia Manjoo, Monica Mullen, Alicia Noel, Amy D. Otto, Jessica Pettigrew, Bonny Rockette‐Wagner, Debra Rubinstein, Linda Semler, Cheryl F. Smith, Valarie Weinzierl, Katherine V. Williams, Tara Wilson, Marjorie K. Mau, Narleen K. Baker-Ladao, John S. Melish, Richard F. Arakaki, Renée W. Latimer, Mae K. Isonaga, Ralph Beddow, Nina E. Bermudez, Lorna Dias, Jillian Inouye, Kathy Mikami, Pharis Mohideen, Sharon K. Odom, Raynette U. Perry, Robin E. Yamamoto, Harelda Anderson, Norman Cooeyate, Charlotte Dodge, Mary A. Hoskin, Carol Percy, Alvera Enote, Camille Natewa, Kelly J. Acton, Vickie L. Andre, Rosalyn Barber, Shandiin Begay, Peter H. Bennett, Mary Beth Benson, Evelyn C. Bird, Brenda A. Broussard, Brian C. Bucca, Marcella Chavez, Sherron Cook, Jeff Curtis, Tara Dacawyma, Matthew S. Doughty, Roberta Duncan, Cyndy Edgerton, Jacqueline M. Ghahate, Justin Glass, Martia Glass, Dorothy Gohdes, Wendy Grant, Robert L. Hanson, Ellie Horse, Louise E. Ingraham, Merry Jackson, Priscilla Jay, Roylen S. Kaskalla, Karen Kavena, David Keßler, Kathleen M. Kobus, Jonathan Krakoff, Jason Kurland, Catherine Manus, Cherie McCabe, Sara Michaels, Tina Morgan, Yolanda Nashboo, Julie A. Nelson, Steven Poirier, Evette Polczynski, Christopher Piromalli, Mike Reidy, Jeanine Roumain, Debra Rowse, Robert J. Roy, Sandra Sangster, Janet Sewenemewa, Miranda Smart, Chelsea Spencer, Darryl Tonemah, Rachel Williams, Charlton Wilson, Michelle Yazzie, Raymond P. Bain, Sarah Fowler, Marinella Temprosa, Michael Larsen, Tina Brenneman, Sharon L. Edelstein, Solome Abebe, Julie Bamdad, Melanie Barkalow, Joel Bethepu, Tsedenia Bezabeh, Anna Bowers, Nicole Butler, Jackie Callaghan, Caitlin E. Carter, Costas A. Christophi, Gregory M. Dwyer, Mary A. Foulkes, Yuping Gao, Robert Gooding, Adrienne Gottlieb, Kristina L. Grimes, Nisha Grover-Fairchild, Lori Haffner, Heather J. Hoffman, Kathleen Jablonski, Steve Jones, Tara L. Jones, Richard J. Katz, Preethy Kolinjivadi, John M. Lachin, Yong Ma, Pamela Mucik, Robert Orlosky, Susan Reamer, James Rochon, Alla Sapozhnikova, Hanna Sherif, Charlotte Stimpson, Ashley H. Tjaden, Fredricka Walker-Murray, Elizabeth M. Venditti, Andrea M. Kriska, Valerie Weinzierl, Santica M. Marcovina, François Aldrich, Jessica Harting, John J. Albers, Greg Strylewicz, R. Eastman, Judith Fradkin, Sanford Garfield, Christine Lee, Edward W. Gregg, Ping Zhang, Dan O’Leary, Gregory W. Evans, Matthew J. Budoff, Chris Dailing, Elizabeth Stamm, Ann V. Schwartz, Caroline Navy, Lisa Palermo, Pentti M. Rautaharju, Ronald J. Prineas, Teresa Alexander, Charles Campbell, Sharon M. Hall, Yabing Li, Margaret Mills, Nancy Pemberton, Farida Rautaharju, Zhuming Zhang, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Julie Hu, Susan Hensley, Lisa Keasler, Tonya Taylor, Barbara Blodi, Ronald P. Danis, Matthew Davis, Larry D. Hubbard, Ryan Endres, Deborah Elsas, Samantha Johnson, Dawn Myers, Nancy Barrett, Heather Baumhauer, Wendy Benz, Holly Cohn, Ellie Corkery, Kristi Dohm, Vonnie Gama, Anne Goulding, Andy Ewen, Cynthia Hurtenbach, Daniel Lawrence, Kyle McDaniel, Jeong W. Pak, James Reimers, Ruth Shaw, Maria Swift, Pamela Vargo, Sheila Watson, Jennifer J. Manly, Elizabeth J. Mayer‐Davis, Robert R. Moran, Ted Ganiats, Kristin David, Andrew J. Sarkin, Erik J. Groessl, Naomi Katzir, Helen Chong, William H. Herman, Michael Brändle, Morton B. Brown, David Altshuler, Liana K. Billings, Ling Chen, Maegan Harden, William C. Knowler, Toni I. Pollin, Alan R. Shuldiner, Paul W. Franks, Marie‐France Hivert · 发表于：JAMA Ophthalmology · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.5567 · 被引用次数：25 · 研究领域：Retinal Diseases and Treatments、Diabetes Treatment and Management、Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

Importance: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness with no treatment available for early stages. Retrospective studies have shown an association between metformin and reduced risk of AMD. Objective: To investigate the association between metformin use and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design, Setting, and Participants: The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study is a cross-sectional follow-up phase of a large multicenter randomized clinical trial, Diabetes Prevention Program (1996-2001), to investigate the association of treatment with metformin or an intensive lifestyle modification vs placebo with preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes in a population at high risk for developing diabetes. Participants with retinal imaging at a follow-up visit 16 years posttrial (2017-2019) were included. Analysis took place between October 2019 and May 2022. Interventions: Participants were randomly distributed between 3 interventional arms: lifestyle, metformin, and placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalence of AMD in the treatment arms. Results: Of 1592 participants, 514 (32.3%) were in the lifestyle arm, 549 (34.5%) were in the metformin arm, and 529 (33.2%) were in the placebo arm. All 3 arms were balanced for baseline characteristics including age (mean [SD] age at randomization, 49 [9] years), sex (1128 [71%] male), race and ethnicity (784 [49%] White), smoking habits, body mass index, and education level. AMD was identified in 479 pa...