Social norms govern what behaviors come to mind—And what do not.

作者：David A. Kalkstein, Cayce J. Hook, Bridgette Martin Hard, Gregory M. Walton · 发表于：Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1037/pspi0000412 · 被引用次数：27 · 研究领域：Behavioral Health and Interventions、Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction、COVID-19 and Mental Health

= 5,488). In Study 1, people reported that behaviors that were counternormative in a situation, even behaviors that could satisfy a motivational drive, were far less likely to come to mind and less desirable than behaviors that were norm-consistent. Going beyond self-report measures, Studies 2a-2c found that people even misrepresented norm-violating behaviors as "impossible," suggesting they are not considered. Using a change-blindness paradigm, Study 3 found that people were less likely to track changes in goal-relevant objects that would be counternormative (vs. normative) to engage with. Studies 4 and 5 explored implications for problems of temptation and self-control. Study 4 found that members of a clinical population striving to eat healthier reported that the very same unhealthy but tasty food items would be less tempting and would trigger less self-control conflict if they encountered the food in a context where its consumption would be counternormative (vs. normative). Study 5, a field study, shows that introducing a norm prohibiting laptop use in class reduced students' temptation to multitask (as well as actual multitasking) over the term, whereas encouraging individual self-control did not. Discussion addresses how norms can be harnessed to lighten the burdens of temptations and help people achieve their goals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).