Environmental context determines pollution impacts on ecosystem functioning

作者：Francis J. Burdon, Marta Reyes, Urs Schönenberger, Katja Räsänen, Scott D. Tiegs, Rik I.L. Eggen, Christian Stamm · 发表于：Oikos · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1111/oik.09131 · 被引用次数：16 · 研究领域：Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts、Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology、Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology

Global change assessments have typically ignored synthetic chemical pollution, despite the rapid increase of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and industrial chemicals in the environment. Part of the problem reflects the multifarious origins of these micropollutants, which can derive from urban and agricultural sources. Understanding how micropollutants harm ecosystems is a major scientific challenge due to asymmetries of stress across trophic levels and ecological surprises generated by multiple drivers interacting in human‐impacted landscapes. We used field assays above and below municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 60 sampling locations across 20 Swiss streams to test how micropollutants and nutrients originating from WWTPs affect two trophic levels (microbes and detritivores) and their role in leaf litter processing. Wastewater impacts were asymmetric across trophic levels, with the detritivore contribution declining relative to microbial‐driven decomposition. The strength of negative impacts were context dependent, peaking at sites with the highest upstream abundances of detritivorous invertebrates. Diffuse pollution from intensive agriculture and wastewater‐born micropollutants contributed to reduced litter processing rates, including indirect effects apparently mediated through negative influences of insecticides on detritivores. Asymmetries in stress responses across trophic levels can introduce quantitative changes in consumer–resource dynamics and leaf litter ...