RAGE ablation attenuates glioma progression and enhances tumor immune responses by suppressing galectin-3 expression

作者：Ian Y. Zhang, Shunan Liu, Leying Zhang, Rongrui Liang, Qingxiao Fang, Jie Zhao, Lyuzhi Ren, Eric F. Medina, Aleksandr Filippov, Kimberley-Jane C. Bonjoc, Ammar Chaudhry, Mojtaba Dayyani, Andrea H. Bild, Behnam Badie · 发表于：Neuro-Oncology · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1093/neuonc/noac250 · 被引用次数：16 · 研究领域：Advanced Glycation End Products research、Galectins and Cancer Biology、Immune cells in cancer

BACKGROUND: Malignant gliomas consist of heterogeneous cellular components that have adopted multiple overlapping escape mechanisms that overcome both targeted and immune-based therapies. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is activated by diverse proinflammatory ligands present in the tumor microenvironment. Activation of RAGE by its ligands stimulates multiple signaling pathways that are important in tumor growth and invasion. However, treatment strategies that only target the interaction of RAGE with its ligands are ineffective as cancer therapies due to the abundance and diversity of exogenous RAGE ligands in gliomas. METHODS: As an alternative approach to RAGE ligand inhibition, we evaluated the genetic ablation of RAGE on the tumorigenicity of 2 syngeneic murine glioma models. RAGE expression was inhibited in the GL261 and K-Luc gliomas by shRNA and CRSPR/Cas9 techniques prior to intracranial implantation. Tumor growth, invasion, and inflammatory responses were examined by histology, survival, Nanostring, and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Intracellular RAGE ablation abrogated glioma growth and invasion by suppressing AKT and ERK1/2 activities and by downregulating MMP9 expression. Interestingly, RAGE inhibition in both glioma models enhanced tumor inflammatory responses by downregulating the expression of galectin-3 and potentiated immunotherapy responses to immune checkpoint blockade. CONCLUSIONS: We dem...