3–4D soil model as challenge for future soil research: Quantitative soil modeling based on the solid phase

作者：Horst H. Gerke, Hans J. Vogel, Tobias K. D. Weber, W. Marijn van der Meij, Thomas Scholten · 发表于：Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1002/jpln.202200239 · 被引用次数：26 · 研究领域：Soil erosion and sediment transport、Soil and Unsaturated Flow、Soil Geostatistics and Mapping

Abstract A 3–4D soil model represents a logical step forward from one‐dimensional soil columns (1D), two‐dimensional soil maps (2D), and three‐dimensional soil volumes (3D) toward dynamic soil models (4D), with time as the fourth dimension. The challenge is to develop modeling tools that account for the states of soil properties, including the spatial structure of solids and pores, as well as their dynamics, including soil mass and solute transfers in landscapes. Our envisioned 3–4D soil model approach aims at improving the capability to predict fundamental soil functions (e.g., plant growth, storage, matter fluxes) that provide ecosystem services in the socioeconomic context. This study provides a structured overview on current soil models, challenges, open questions, and urgent research needs for developing a 3–4D soil model. A 3–4D soil model should provide an inventory of spatially distributed and temporally variable soil properties. As basis for this, we propose a mass balance model for the solid phase, which needs to be supplemented by a model describing its structure. This should eventually provide adequate 3D parameter sets for the numerical modeling of soil functions (e.g., flow and transport). The target resolution is decameters in the horizontal plane and centimeters to decimeters in the vertical direction to represent characteristic soil properties and soil horizons. The actual state of soils and their properties can be estimated from spatial data that represent t...