Natural climate solutions in Indonesia: wetlands are the key to achieve Indonesia’s national climate commitment

作者：Nisa Novita, Subarno, Nurul Silva Lestari, Gusti Z. Anshari, Mega Lugina, Samantha Yeo, Anjelita Malik, Adibtya Asyhari, Chandra Agung Septiadi Putra, Adi Gangga, Rasis Putra Ritonga, Israr Albar, Deden Djaenudin, Virni Budi Arifanti, Erin E. Poor, Joni Jupesta, Dede Hendry Tryanto, Imam Basuki, Peter W. Ellis · 发表于：Environmental Research Letters · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1088/1748-9326/ac9e0a · 被引用次数：34 · 研究领域：Oil Palm Production and Sustainability、Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics、Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management

Abstract Indonesia offers a dramatic opportunity to contribute to tackling climate change by deploying natural climate solutions (NCS), increasing carbon sequestration and storage through the protection, improved management, and restoration of drylands, peatlands, and mangrove ecosystems. Here, we estimate Indonesia’s NCS mitigation opportunity for the first time using national datasets. We calculated the maximum NCS mitigation potential extent using datasets of annual national land cover, peat soil, and critical lands. We collated a national emissions factor database for each pathway, calculated from a meta-analysis, recent publications from our team, and available literature. The maximum NCS mitigation potential in 2030 is 1.3 ± 0.04 GtCO 2 e yr −1 , based on the historical baseline period from 2009–2019. This maximum NCS potential is double Indonesia’s nationally determined contribution (NDC) target from the forestry and other land use sector. Of this potential opportunity, 77% comes from wetland ecosystems. Peatlands have the largest NCS mitigation potential (960 ± 15.4 MtCO 2 e yr −1 or 71.5 MgCO 2 e ha −1 yr −1 ) among all other ecosystems. Mangroves provide a smaller total potential (41.1 ± 1.4 MtCO 2 e yr −1 ) but have a much higher mitigation density (12.2 MgCO 2 e ha −1 yr −1 ) compared to dryland ecosystems (2.9 MgCO 2 e ha −1 yr −1 ). Therefore, protecting, managing, and restoring Indonesia’s wetlands is key to achieving the country’s emissions reduction target by...