Elective surgery system strengthening: development, measurement, and validation of the surgical preparedness index across 1632 hospitals in 119 countries

作者：James Glasbey, Tom Abbott, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Adewale Adisa, Ehab Alameer, Sattar Alshryda, Alexis Arnaud, Brittany Bankhead-Kendall, Mohamad K. Abou Chaar, Daoud Chaudhry, Ainhoa Costas‐Chavarri, Miguel F Cunha, Justine Davies, Anant Desai, Muhammed Elhadi, Marco Fiore, J.E.F. Fitzgerald, Maria Fourtounas, Alexander J. Fowler, K Futaba, Gaetano Gallo, Dhruva Ghosh, Rohan R Gujjuri, Rebecca Hamilton, Parvez Haque, Ewen M. Harrison, Peter J. Hutchinson, Gabriella Hyman, Arda Işık, Umesh Jayarajah, Haytham M.A. Kaafarani, Bryar Kadir, Ismaïl Lawani, Hans Lederhuber, Elizabeth Li, Markus Löffler, Maria Aguilera Lorena, Harvinder Mann, Janet Martin, Dennis Mazingi, Craig D. McClain, Kenneth A McLean, John G. Meara, Antonio Ramos-De La Medina, Mengistu G Mengesha, Ana Minaya, María Marta Modolo, Rachel Moore, Dion Morton, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Faustin Ntirenganya, Francesco Pata, Rupert M. Pearse, Maria Picciochi, Thomas Pinkney, Peter Pockney, Gabriëlle H. van Ramshorst, Toby Richards, April Camilla Roslani, Sohei Satoi, Raza Sayyed, Richard Shaw, Joana F F Simoes, Neil Smart, Richard Sullivan, Malin Sund, Sudha Sundar, Stephen Tabiri, Elliott H Taylor, Mary L Venn, Dakshitha Wickramasinghe, Naomi Wright, Sebastian Bernardo Shu Yip, Aneel Bhangu, Omar Omar, Ewen M. Harrison, Aneel Bhangu, Kwabena Siaw-Acheampong, Ruth Benson, Edward Bywater, Brett E Dawson, Jonathan P Evans, Emily Heritage, Conor Jones, Sivesh K. Kamarajah, Chetan Khatri, Rachel A Khaw, James M Keatley, Andrew T. Knight, Samuel Lawday, Harvinder Mann, Ella J Marson, Siobhan McKay, Emily Mills, Gianluca Pellino, Abhinav Tiwari, Isobel M Trout, Richard Wilkin, Sadi A. Abukhalaf, Michel Adamina, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Arnav Agarwal, Murat Akkulak, Ehab Alameer, Derek Alderson, Felix Alakaloko, Markus Albertsmeier, Osaid Alser, Muhammad Alshaar, Knut Magne Augestad, Faris Ayasra, José Azevedo, Brittany Bankhead-Kendall, Emma Barlow, David Beard, Ruth Blanco‐Colino, Amanpreet Brar, Ana Minaya‐Bravo, Kerry Breen, Chris Bretherton, Igor Lima Buarque, Josh Burke, Edward Caruana, Mohammad Chaar, Sohini Chakrabortee, Peter Christensen, Daniel Cox, Moisés Cukier, Giana H. Davidson, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas M Drake, John Edwards, Sameh Hany Emile, Shebani Farik, Samuel Ford, Tatiana Garmanova, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Grecinos, Ewen A. Griffiths, Magdalena Gruendl, Constantine Halkias, Intisar Hisham, Peter J. Hutchinson, Shelley Hwang, Michael D. Jenkinson, Pascal Jonker, Debby Keller, Angelos G. Kolias, Schelto Kruijff, Sezai Leventoğlu, Andrey Litvin, Andrew P. Loehrer, María Marta Modolo, Piotr Major, Hassan Mashbari, Symeon Metallidis, Helen Mohan, David Moszkowicz, Susan Moug, Joshua S Ng-Kamstra, Mayaba Maimbo, Ionuţ Negoi, Milagros Niquen, Maricarmen Olivos, Kacimi Oussama, Oumaima Outani, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalanm, Carlos J. Pérez-Rivera, Thomas Pinkney, Willemijn Y. van der Plas, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Dejan Radenković, Antonio Ramos‐De la Medina, Elliot John Revell, Keith Roberts, April Camilla Roslani, Martin Rutegård, Juan José Segura‐Sampedro, Irène Santos, Andrew Schache, Andreas A. Schnitzbauer, Justina O. Seyi‐Olajide, Neil Sharma, Caitlin Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Kjetil Søreide, Antonino Spinelli, Grant D. Stewart, Philip Townend, Georgios Tsoulfas, Raghavan Vidya, Dale Vimalachandran, Oliver Warren, Duane Wedderburn, NA EuroSurg, NA European Society of Coloproctology, NA Global Initiative for Children's Surgery, NA GlobalSurg, NA GlobalPaedSurg, NA ItSURG, NA PTSurg, NA SpainSurg, NA Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery, NA Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working, NA Italian Society of Surgical Oncology, Lesley Booth, M.G. Barker, Neil Barker, Shirley Cooke, Suzanne Doré, Nigel Horwood, Emmy Runigamugabo, Carrie Tierney Weir, Mike Bahrami-Hessari, Asad Riaz, Jaffer Shah, Mohammed Safi, Dariel Thereska, Irida Dajti, Riadh Cheddadi, Anisse Tidjane, Carlos A Quinteros, Ahmed khelfaoui, Khalifa M Salem, Omar Riffi, Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi, Salim Loudjedi, Tidjani Damerdji, Diana Alejandra Pantoja Pachajoa, René M. Palacios Huatuco, Fernando A. Alvarez, Alejandro M. Doniquian, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zúñiga, Francisco Schlottmann, C. Cobos, Cecilia Gigena, Agustin Albani Forneris, Agustín Duro, Agustín García-Mansilla, Virginia Cano Busnelli, C Poggi, Pedro Mercado, Marcos González, Agustina F Castro Lalin, Horacio F. Mayer, Rodrigo Brandariz, Pablo A. Slullitel, Rocio Boudou, Pablo Lobos, María C Uffelmann, María Laura Petersen, Emilia Luzzi, F. Lichtenberger, María Amor, Celeste S Zarratea, Tomás Alfredo Esteves, Nicolas A Gemelli, Sebastián Tirapegui, Juan Liyo, Jordán Scherñuk, Luis Alejandro Boccalatte, Rubén Balmaceda, José Luis D’addino, M. Caubet, José Alfredo Calderón Arancibia, Carina Chwat, Brian Morris, Nicolás Avellaneda, Ivana Ines Pedraza Salazar, D Eskinazi, Lara Vargas, María Emilia Muriel, Sergio Martin Lucchini, M. Gosselink, Amelia Davis, J. Barker, Kirby R. Qin, David Proud, Daniel Cox, Su Kah Goh, David S. Liu, Dan Wu, Neil D. Merrett, Sarit Badiani, Shomik Sengupta, Anshini Jain, Christopher Steen, Enoch Wong, C Ip, Matthew Leaning, Conor McCartney, Sivakumar Gananadha, Evie Yeap, Sean Stevens, Anh Nguyet Vu, S. Martin, Guy Stanley, David I. Watson, Philip Townend, Thomas Young, Georgia T Cox, Amanda Dawson, Sharon Laura, Elizabeth Lun, Ina X Liang, Christine J. O’Neill, Natalie Lott, Alwin Chuan, S Saravanan, Justin S. Gundara, Bee Shan Ong, Ramesh Nataraja, Maurizio Pacilli, D Foley, Geraldine Ooi, Luke Traeger, Ewan MacDermid, Jurstine Daruwalla, Russell Hodgson, Alexander G. Heriot, C Mulligan, Nicholas D. A. Blefari, Shaun Purcell, Adam Frankel, Glen Guerra, Joan Sia Tan Tefay, Rhea W Y Liang, Hidde M. Kroon, Anthony Farfus, Leigh R. Warren, Jennifer M Roy, Whitfield Rd, Cea-Cea B. Moller, Sean S. Davis, Tarik Sammour, Yick Ho Lam, Kevin Kour, Siang Wei Gan, Brendon J. Coventry, Joseph Dawson, Martin Batstone, Sebastian King, Nathan J Scott, Jonathan Foo, Talia Shepherd, Richard S. Page, Peter Choong, Henry Badgery, Lynn Chong, Lillian Taylor, Michael W. Hii, Gavin Wright, Joseph C. Kong, Matthew Watson, Jacob Bock, Surjit Lidder, Patrick Elias, Sathisvaran Kanavathy, Cherry Koh, Srinivas Kondalsamy‐Chennakesavan, Vishwakar Panuganti, Haider Latif, Justin Yeung, A Besson, Tse E, Meron Pitcher, Danielle L. Taylor, Christopher B. Nahm, Alicia Jieling Lim, Kevin Tree, Felix Aigner, Christopher Dawoud, Philipp Foessleitner, Matthias Zimmermann, Dominik Wiedemann, Oliver Findl, Franka Messner, Marlies Bauer, Felix Nägele, Irmgard Kronberger, Dietmar Öfner, Bettina Härter, Nina Ru B Bicz, Paul M Zwittag, Nikolaus Poier, Francisco Ruiz Navarro, Yorck A Zebuhr, Paul Köglberger, Clemens Wiesinger, E J Mathew, Felipe Trivik-Barrientos, Ingmar Königsrainer, Gabriel Djedovic, Tina Cohnert, David B. Lumenta, Georg Singer, Andreas Leithner, Lars‐Peter Kamolz, Alexandros Andrianakis, Paul Puchwein, Saulius Mikalauskas, Patrick Kirchweger, R. Függer, Christof Mittermair, Elisabeth Russe, Peter Paal, Martin Grünbart, Michael de Cillia, Helmut Weiß, Florian M. Steiner, Alf-Dorian Binder, Elgun Samadov, Arturan İbrahimli, Gurbankhan Muslumov, Nuru Bayramov, Jada Saunders, Noora Almoosa, Huzifa Haj-Ibrahim, Martin Maresch, Weaam K Ezzdean, Isam M Juma, Layla Hasan, Fayza Haider, Ghassan Salman Alfaqawi, Mohammed Shadrul Alam, Shahnoor Islam, AKM Khairul Basher, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Nazmul Islam, Antje Oosterkamp, Tanveer Ahmed, Md Jafrul Hannan, Greg Padmore, A Doyle, Karisha L LaCorbiniere, R Boyce, Paul T Ragoobar, K Walkes, Amelia A Haynes, S Corbin, Andrey Litvin, Anvar Makhmudov, Sébastien Strypstein, Bert Dhondt, Ricky Rasschaert, Yasser Farid, El Mahdi Wahib, Manon Pigeolet, Koen Van Belle, Stefan De Wachter, Niels Komen, Mathieu Vandeputte, Gabriëlle H. van Ramshorst, Yanina JL Jansen, Jasper Stijns, Jef Van den Eynde, Benedicte I Olowo, Israel C Feraudy, Vedran Dragišić, Vlatka Martinović, Tatjana Barišić, Nikolina Penava, Igor Hudic, Samir Delibegović, Gordana Bogdanović, Gordana Grgić, Anis Cerovac, Elmedina Cerovac, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Glauco Baiocchi, Alberto Julius Alves Wainstein, Elaine Christine Dantas Moisés, Ana Carolina Tagliatti Zani, Caio Antônio de Campos Prado, Carolina Panis, Daniel Rech, Ruan Gabriel Soares da Silva, Edwaldo Édner Joviliano, Ricardo Fernandes Rezende, Igor G N Reis, Robinson Esteves Santos Pires, A Christiano, Heitor F. 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Consani, Felipe G Pugliesi, Flávio Roberto Takeda, Alessandro Wasum Mariani, Ricardo J B Valadares, Nelson Adami Andreollo, Luiz Roberto Lopes, Cristiano Tonello, Nivaldo Alonso, Carlos Ferreira Santos, Leonardo Santos Lima, Wilson Salgado, Thiago H S Pereira, Arthur Paredes Gatti, R Oliva, C Nardi, Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa, Ivonizete Pires Ribeiro, Herica E F Carvalho, Layze B Oliveira, Guilherme Schneider, William Augusto Casteleins, L Silva, Carlos Augusto Gomes, Alonço da Cunha Viana Júnior, Ricardo Pedrini Cruz, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Igor Lima Buarque, Aldo Vieira Barros, Gustavo B Marangon, Ronald LG Flumignan, Luís CU Nakano, Patrícia IF Pascoal, Brena Costa Santos, Danielle Akemi Bergara Kuramoto, Rebeca Mangabeira Correia, Fabio CF Amaral, Carolina Dutra Queiroz Flumignan, Jairo A Dussán-Sarria, Romeo Lages Simões, William Augusto Casteleins, Robson Luís Oliveira de Amorim, Jeancarllo de Sousa Silva, Humberto Fenner Lyra, Nathalia S Julio, Marlus Tavares Gerber, José Mauro dos Santos, João Carlos Costa de Oliveira, Camila VC Palamim, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson, Iolanda Matias Gomes, Priscila Rosalba Domingos de Oliveira, Ana Lucia L M Lima, Vladimir Cordeiro de Carvalho, Jorge S. Silva, Ulysses Ribeiro, Gustavo Andreazza Laporte, Mateus Capuzzo Gonçalves, Lais S. Botacin, Melissa AG Avelino, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito, Evguenia Hristova, V. Stoyanov, Boris Sakakushev, Dragomir Dardanov, M Sokolov, Ananya Mehta, Elitsa Gyokova, Mohamed Abdullahi, Martin Karamanliev, Dobromir Dimitrov, Mihail Slavchev, Boyko Atanasov, Tsanko Yotsov, Dimitar Bozhidarov Hadzhiev, Simon Stock, Chukwuemeka Nwegbu, Tanyi John Tanyi, James Brown, Jugpal S. Arneja, Susan M. Lee, Ramya Kancherla, Biniam Kidane, Pierre‐Olivier Champagne, Xiya Ma, Allana Munro, Dolores M. McKeen, Janet Martin, Juan Glinka, Edward M. Vasarhelyi, Yamini Subramani, Hilda Alfaro, Ushma J Shah, Nelson Gonzalez, S. Danielle MacNeil, Mahesh Nagappa, Richard Malthaner, Muriel Brackstone, Nawar A. Alkhamesi, Mehdi Qiabi, Camila Arango-Ferreira, Agya B.A. Prempeh, Sinziana Dumitra, Richard T. Spence, Eric L.R. Bédard, Susan M. Lee, Jessica G.Y. 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Pérez-Rivera, Albaro José Nieto‐Calvache, Fredy Ariza, Claudia Milena Orozco‐Chamorro, Maria A Nanez, Diana S Garces, Luis Mauricio Figueroa-Gutiérrez, Marisol Badiel, Delio F Martinez, Brenda Coll-Tello, Hector F Camelo, Antonio José Montoya Casella, Sebastián Ordoñez, Paola Andrea Sánchez, Juan C Salcedo, Lina M Villegas, Jorge A Holguín, Jesús Hernán Tovar Cardozo, Jorman Harvey Tejada Perdomo, Vivian Andrea Perdomo, Natalia A Rivera-Rincon, P Gomez, Elena Leonor Delgado-Nieto, Andrés Isaza-Restrepo, Felipe Vargas, Ana M Vargas, A Castro, Jorge A Navarro, Saúl Enrique Vargas, Jose Andrés Calvache, Maria C Mendoza-Arango, Jorge Vélez-Bernal, Felipe González, Goran Šantak, Iva Kirac, Dorian Kršul, Ana Bosak Veršić, Goran Augustin, Tomislav Kuliš, Željko Kaštelan, Ana Đanić Hadžibegović, Kresimir Grsic, Tvrtko Hudolin, Marko Tarle, M Mamic, Mia Lorencin, Ivica Lukšić, Dubravko Habek, Suzana Konjevoda, Jakov Mihanović, Stavros A. Antoniou, H Almezghwi, Nikolaos Gouvas, L Martínek, René Novysedlák, Jan Žatecký, Peter Christensen, Christian S. Meyhoff, Mark Bremholm Ellebæk, Batista Sm, Julia Rodriguez, D Cruz, Mirna Giselle Santiago Jimenez, Carla M Dominguez, José Ricardo Negrete Ocampo, Pedro N Campuzano, Daniel L Mogrovejo, Maria J Armas, Jenny Elizabeth Arboleda-Bustán, Eddy Lincango-Naranjo, Mohamed El‐Kassas, Ahmed K Awad, Emad Alazab, Kyrillos G Abdulmaseh, Sherein Diab, Mohammad Hussaini Wahab, Amr Darwesh, Badr Eldin Mostafa, Mahmoud Shaaban Abdelgalil, Merihan A. Elbadawy, Ali M Reda, Amir Fathi, Notaila M. Fayed, Mohamed Ahmed, Menan Ahmed Elsadek, Dalia Gad, Aya Gameel El Saadany, Aalaa Mohamed Elsadek, Amir Fathi, Ahmed E Sayed, Ahmed Naeem, Abdullah Al‐Mallah, A Abdelsamed, Moataz Ewedah, Mohamed O Soliman, Yousef Tanas, Mohammed Hamouda, Marina H Mahfouz, M. Abdo, Yomna E. Dean, Karim Lka, Aya O Abodeeb, F Ashoush, Roqaia R Elsherbiny, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Nermin Osman, Maya MIbrahim, Nehal G Youssef, Mohamed Hamdy Ibrahim, Antonios Soliman, Rabea Ahmed Gadelkareem, Ahmed Abbas, Aliaë Mohamed-Hussein, Khaled Abdelsattar, Ahmed Maher, Mohamed Elabd, Hassan Abdelazim, Maher H Ibraheem, Yasser A. Noureldin, Mahmoud Elfiky, Mohamed Ebrahim, A Abdelrahman, Mahmoud Marei Marei, Aya Elkhalawy, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Mohammed A. Azab, Ahmed H. Elmasry, Ahmed K Awad, Amr Elgazar, Mahmoud Shalaby, Mohamed Mahmoud, Mohamed Gamal Qassem, Hussein Kinani, Abdelrahman M Wahba, Merihan A. Elbadawy, Rana Hisham Ezzat, Mai Hassan Ahmed, Mohamed Elshawy, Hazem Metwally Faragalla, Khalid D Mahmoud, Ahmed Nafea, Mohamed Abdel-Maboud, Hesham Abozied, M. R. Moharam, Ashraf Hamed Shehata, Samir A ElKafrawy, Mosaab Tayiawi, Hosam Elghadban, Moataz Maher Emara, Ahmed Shehta, Amira M Saqr, Wafaa M Abdelelsalm, Eslam M Elshennawy, Samar T Radwan, Selmy Awad, Sameh Hany Emile, Wesam Aldosoky, Hossam Elfeki, Sara N Gendi, Hala Adel Abdelsalam, Mohammed Hammad, Mostafa Shalaby, Ahmad Sakr, Mohamed A Abdelmaksoud, Mohammed Alawady, Ahmed A. Omran, Abdallah El-Sayed Allam, Zainab Z. Ismail, Khaled M Gaballah, Mahmoud Fathy Mahmoud AlGady, Ahmed M. Raslan, Khaled Gharbia, Abdelazez A Nuser, Ahmed Kamal Sayed, Abdullah Al‐Mallah, M. El-Shahawy, Galal Ghaly, A. Sherif, Abdelrahman M Makram, Omar Mohamed Makram, Ola Ahmed, A Helmy, Khaled Abdelwahab, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Islam H. Metwally, Mosab Shetiwy, Mohammad Zuhdy, Salma Ramadan, Mohamed Abdel‐Ghany, Mohammed A. Omar, Ziad A Soliman, Hussien Muhyi Ali, Salma Elnoamany, Sherief Ghozy, Alzhraa Salah Abbas, Mostafa A. Shehata, Sahar A Mahmoud, Mohammed A Elsaman, Elsayed A. Fayad, Asmaa Radwan, Ahmed I. El‐Sakka, Asser Sallam, Mohamed Elbahnasawy, Eslam Saber Esmail, A Hawila, M Hamada, Sara H Motawea, Mohamed Morsy, Hatem El‐Sheemy, Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada, Ali H Khedr, Ahmed Gad, Omar Elmandouh, Reem Elmandouh, Souad Alkanj, Mohammad G Youssef, Kamal Awad, Maged Mohammed, A.H. Elsayad, Tõnu Rätsep, Melatework A Wolle, Abraham Negussie, Misganaw A Adimass, Bereket Tsegaye Misganaw, Yoseph S Bezabih, Biniam Zemedu Assefa, Getachew Shumye, Mengistu G Mengesha, Dagnachew Y Gechera, Adnan Abdulkadir Mohammed, Gersam Abera Mulugeta, Yonas Yilma Metaferia, Ashebir B Kifetew, Eyueal A Degefa, Yadani M Deressa, Kebebe Bekele Gonfa, Zewdie G Bedane, Alem Mekete Ayalew, Henok Teshome Ayele, Engida Abebe, Bereket Atnafu Worku, Million M Sisay, Dawit Worku Kassa, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Abera C Bayable, Abraham Genetu Tiruneh, Samuel Hailu, Yilkal T Numaro, Yonas Ademe, Abat S Baleh, Thomas B Megerssa, Segni Kejela, Habtamu Derilo, Yemisirach B Akililu, Iris Lebbe, E Sarjanoja, Joonas H. Kauppila, Juha‐Jaakko Sinikumpu, Salvatore Giordano, Elie Kantor, Romy Soussan, Cipolat Mis Tommaso, Francesco Nappi, Tristan Morichau-Beauchant, Julien Nahum, J Maillet, Mathieu Godement, Lionel Jouffret, Federico Migliorelli, Belinda De Simone, Laurent Brunaud, Thomas Fuchs‐Buder, Sylvie Testelin, kim yong bin, Sophie Boucher, Françoise Schmitt, Zaher Lakkis, Luke Harper, K. Slim, Guilaume Piessen, Clarisse Eveno, Quentin Ballouhey, Abdelkader Taïbi, Vincent Crenn, Émilie Duchalais, Alexis Arnaud, Olivier Azzis, Jean‐Jacques Tuech, Charlotte Vaysse, Ariane Weyl, Kélig Vergriete, Hélène Charbonneau, Anne-Cécile Ezanno, Brice Malgras, Céleste Del Basso, Igor Duquesne, Federico Bernabei, Pierre-Raphaël Rothschild, Olivier Abbo, Gilles Manceau, Alexandre Chamouni, Célia Cretolle, Laurent Arnalsteen, Elie Mikhael, Andréa Police, Rosa Montero‐Macías, Vincent Villefranque, Émeline Maisonneuve, Tristan Langlais, Barbara Seeliger, Patrick Pessaux, Alejandro González‐Ojeda, Antonio D’Urso, Martina Aida Ángeles, Agathe Seguin‐Givelet, Marc Danguy des Déserts, Sébastien Gaujoux, Charles de Ponthaud, Emmanuel Chartier‐Kastler, Liza Ali, Matthieu Peycelon, Diane Mège, Zaza Demetrashvili, Mircea Gabriel Stoleriu, Lena Keppler, Tim Saier, Christian Konrads, Christian Tapking, Carsten Kamphues, Dirk R. Bulian, Andrea Schmedding, Johannes Doerner, Anna Eleonora Gut, Jens Rolinger, Andreas Kirschniak, Lars Schröder, Daniel Reim, Seyer Safi, Andreas M. Fichter, A. Wagner, Bernhard Meyer, Jens Gempt, Armin Sablotzki, Jonas Herzberg, Manuel Altenburg, Ferhat Yenilmez, Jan Meins, Louai A Aghwan, Nikolaus Börner, Alexander Martin Keppler, Markus Albertsmeier, Steffen Seyfried, Marie‐Claire Rassweiler‐Seyfried, Maximilian C. Kriegmair, Karl‐Friedrich Kowalewski, Konstantinos Gousias, Johanna Strotmann, Philipp Höhn, J. Horn, Julia M Knipschild, Leonie Siemen, Andreas Minh Luu, Raymund E. Horch, Aaron Lawson McLean, Judith Lindert, Sebastian Ziemann, Ali Modabber, Philipp Winnand, Frank Hölzle, Björn Sommer, Sebastian Wolf, Ehab Shiban, Florian Recker, Erdem Güresir, Thomas M. Randau, Ági Güresir, Markus Velten, Tim O. Vilz, Mária Wittmann, Maria A. Willis, Tim R. Glowka, Ulrich Bork, Matthias Hecker, Andreas Hecker, Martin Reichert, Clemens Miller, Marcus Nemeth, Ulrich Ronellenfitsch, Jörg Kleeff, Kerstin Lorenz, Ulrich Kisser, Rick Schneider, Ingmar Seiwerth, Georg Osterhoff, Valerie Catherine Linz, Michael R. Mallmann, Alexander C. Rokohl, Ludwig M. Heindl, Philomena A. Wawer Matos, Claus Cursiefen, Christoph Mallmann, Christian M Domroese, Alfred Königsrainer, Can Yurttas, Karolin Thiel, Julius Vahl, Armin Wiegering, Johan Friso Lock, Annika Heuer, Alonja Reiter, Martin Stangenberg, Arne Böttcher, Daniel Kaemmerer, Kofi Boamah Mensah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Isabella Naa M Opandoh, Emmanauel O Ofori, Ebikela Ivie Baidoo, Richard Baidoo, Diallo Abdoul Azize, Peter Appiah–Thompson, Evans Kofi Agbeno, Sebastian Ken‐Amoah, Ganiyu A. Rahman, Richard Kpangkpari, Luke Adagrah Aniakwo, Michael Nortey, Meshach M Agyapong, Benedict Boakye, Philip Mensah, Kwasi Agyen‐Mensah, Mabel Pokuah Amoako-Boateng, Samuel Mensah, Sam Debrah, Mustapha Yakubu, Leslie Issa Adam-Zakariah, Anthony Davor, Joshua Arthur, Mawutor Dzogbefia, Anna Konney, Thomas O. Konney, Michael Amoah, Isaac Barnor, Mohammed Duah Issahalq, Paige G. Williams, Wilfred Sam Awortwi, Bernard Hammond, Ronald Awoonor-Williams, Nuhu Naabo, Adu Appiah‐Kubi, Kekeli Kodjo Adanu, Joe‐Nat Clegg‐Lamptey, Jefferson Owusu Adae, Theophilus T K Adjeso, Mundashiru Yahaya, David A Ansah-Agyei, Ana Maria Simono Charadan, Magdiel Rodríguez Labrada, Adamu Issaka, Iddrisu Baba Yabasin, D.A. Antwi, Lukman Manan, Mohammed Bukari, Alexis D. B. Buunaaim, John Abanga Alatiiga, Mohammed Sheriff, Emmanuel O Kumi, Gilbert Batieka Bonsaana, Georgia Micha, Nikolaos Kiriakopoulos, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Konstantina Kalopita, Ioannis Grypiotis, Kyriakos Psarianos, Theodoros Aslanidis, Dimitris P. Korkolis, Evangelos Fradelos, Alexandra Arvanitaki, Anastasia Prodromidou, Nikolaos Thomakos, Charalampos Theofanakis, Kyveli Angelou, Dimitrios Haidopoulos, Michail Diakosavvas, Leonidas Chardalias, Ioannis Papaconstantinou, Pantelis Antonakis, Dimitrios Politis, Dionysios Dellaportas, Christina Kontopoulou, Nikolaos Memos, Antonios Gklavas, Konstantinos Bramis, Panagiotis Pappas, Thalia Petropoulou, Argyrios Ioannidis, Dimitrios Ntourakis, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Christos Barkolias, Dimitrios Balalis, Nikolaos Tasis, Theodoros Sidiropoulos, Nikolaos V. 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Zhou, Marilyn Heng, Shady Abohashem, Santiago A. Lozano‐Calderón, Janani Reisenauer, Nicolas J. Mouawad, Thomas M. Diehl, Evert A. Eriksson, Jayson S. Marwaha, Thomas J. Schroeppel, Christopher J. LaRocca, Grace Chang, Romana Hassan, Lauren B Nosanov, Jennifer L Rickard, Jacob B. Avraham, Patrizio Petrone, Joseph J Sferra, Joseph Hadaya, Brittany S Mead, Jason S. Hauptman, Maleeha Ahmad, Antonio Meola, Steven D Chang, Ara Ko, Katherine Specht, Asad Choudhry, Ronald Zerna Encalada, Juan Lucas Poggio, H. Y. Xing, Nina E. Glass, Robert L. Hooker, Paulo Nuno Martins, Erin M. Scott, Brittany K Bankhead, Emmanouil Giorgakis, Joe Nigh, Tamara Osborn, Erika Linmey Tay Lasso, Daniel M. Beswick, Allison E. Berndtson, Krista L. Kaups, Lee‐lynn Chen, Michael Farrell, Marissa A. Boeck, Dennis M. Vaysburg, Al‐Faraaz Kassam, Kevin M. Turner, Adam R. Dyas, Julia R. Coleman, Folsom Mb, Christopher Lam, Sean Kumer, Kelsey E. Larson, Scott Turner, Christopher A. Guidry, Madhuri Reddy, German Berbel, Austin D. Findley, David Beahm, Andrés M. Bur, Derek R. Marlor, Corey Houndschell, Carver St, A Ulrich, Neal Bhutiani, Laura DiChiacchio, Hossam Abdou, Lena M. Napolitano, Rahel Ghebre, Gary Alan Bass, Lewis J. Kaplan, Niels D. Martin, Caoimhe C. Duffy, Sultan Abdelhamid, Brian J. Daley, Christina L. Roland, Ryan P. Dumas, Vin Shen Ban, Aashish Rajesh, Mark G. Davies, Prabhudev P Purudappa, Camila Walters, Nicole Lin, Nensi M. Ruzgar, Sarah Ullrich, Iván Trostchansky, Fernando Bonilla-Cal, Fabiola Castedo, Helena Sobrero, Gastón Acuña, Sofia M. Dr. Alvarez, Josefina Tarigo, Ana Carmen Carbajal, Ana Carbajal, Antonio Costa Reyes, Fatima Al-Eryani, Nardeen N Alqousi, Zainab Alattas, Rafat Ameen Mohammed Al-saban, Mohammed Al-Shehari, Nawal T ALHammadi, Sarah Shream, Hamza Al-Naggar, Lina M Al-Qalisi, Areej Esam Aish Nadeesh, Hytham H Al-Samawi, Hadeel Mohmmed Bajjah, S AL-Ameri, Jamal F Albably, Ghannam Rd, Amatallah H Shamsan, Abdullah Meead, Riham Q Al- Zubaidi, Mohammed A Zulait, Halah Najeeb, M Alsayadi, Seham K Al-Mashreqi, Najla A Al-Jomai, R Alsayadi, Moath M Al-Naggar, Hassan A Almarashi, Hasna M Musaeed, Ibrahim Al-Raimi, Hossam N Ghanem, Karim A Al-Zazay, Shehab A AL-Mahdi, Amatalaleem S Almontaser, Vanessa A S Savopoulos, James Munthali, Kizito Mulamba Changachanga Kabongo, Willard Mushiwokufa, Allan Ngulube, Crispin Ntoto, Praise T Magama, Daniel Dzinotyiwei, Shelton K Chivanga, Ngqabutho Sanders Dube, Ernesto C Sanchez, Assel T Moyo, Antony Chengahomwe, Simbarashe Chinyowa, Maphios Siamuchembu, Tafadzwa Bondera, Trust Mushawarima · 发表于：The Lancet · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01846-3 · 被引用次数：77 · 研究领域：Global Health and Surgery、Trauma and Emergency Care Studies、Surgical Simulation and Training

BACKGROUND: The 2015 Lancet Commission on global surgery identified surgery and anaesthesia as indispensable parts of holistic health-care systems. However, COVID-19 exposed the fragility of planned surgical services around the world, which have also been neglected in pandemic recovery planning. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel index to support local elective surgical system strengthening and address growing backlogs. METHODS: First, we performed an international consultation through a four-stage consensus process to develop a multidomain index for hospital-level assessment (surgical preparedness index; SPI). Second, we measured surgical preparedness across a global network of hospitals in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and low-income countries (LICs) to explore the distribution of the SPI at national, subnational, and hospital levels. Finally, using COVID-19 as an example of an external system shock, we compared hospitals' SPI to their planned surgical volume ratio (SVR; ie, operations for which the decision for surgery was made before hospital admission), calculated as the ratio of the observed surgical volume over a 1-month assessment period between June 6 and Aug 5, 2021, against the expected surgical volume based on hospital administrative data from the same period in 2019 (ie, a pre-pandemic baseline). A linear mixed-effects regression model was used to determine the effect of increasing SPI score. FINDINGS: In the first ph...