Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

作者：Annie Haakenstad, Jamal A Yearwood, Nancy Fullman, Corinne Bintz, Kelly Bienhoff, Marcia R. Weaver, Vishnu Nandakumar, Kate E LeGrand, Megan Knight, Cristiana Abbafati, Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari, Amir Abdoli, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zúñiga, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji Adetokunboh, Muhammad U. Afzal, Saira Afzal, Marcela Agudelo‐Botero, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Tarik A. Rashid, Budi Aji, Wuraola Akande‐Sholabi, Khurshid Alam, Hanadi Al Hamad, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Liaqat Ali, Vahid Alipour, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Hubert Amu, Dickson A Amugsi, Robert Ancuceanu, Pedro Prata Andrade, Afifa Anjum, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab‐Zozani, Hany Ariffin, Judie Arulappan, Zahra Aryan, Tahira Ashraf, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Alok Atreya, Marcel Ausloos, Leticia Ávila‐Burgos, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Samad Azari, Ashish Badiye, Atif Amin Baig, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M Bakkannavar, Shrikala Baliga, Palash Chandra Banik, Till Bärnighausen, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Sanjay Basu, Mohsen Bayati, Rebuma Belete, Arielle Wilder Bell, Devidas S. Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ashok Bhurtyal, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Antonio Biondi, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Aimé Bonny, Hermann Brenner, Danilo Buonsenso, Katrin Burkart, Reinhard Busse, Zahid A Butt, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Luis Alberto Cámera, Rosario Cárdenas, Vera Lúcia Alves Carneiro, Ferrán Catalá-López, Joht Singh Chandan, Jaykaran Charan, Prachi P. Chavan, Simiao Chen, Shu Chen, Sonali G Choudhari, E. Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Massimo Círillo, Barbara Corso, Omid Dadras, Saad M A Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, William James Dangel, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Kairat Davletov, Keshab Deuba, Meghnath Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Shirin Djalalinia, Huyen Phuc, Leila Doshmangir, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Andem Effiong, Elham Ehsani‐Chimeh, Islam Y. Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Iman El Sayed, Maha El Tantawi, Daniel Erku, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Jawad Fares, Farshad Farzadfar, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Péter Gaál, Santosh Gaihre, William M. Gardner, Tushar Garg, Abera Getachew Obsa, Mansour Ghafourifard, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Syed Amir Gilani, Paramjit Gill, Salime Goharinezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Jenny S. Guadamuz, Yuming Guo, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Vivek Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Asif Hanif, Josep María Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Md. Mehedi Hasan, M. Tasdik Hasan, Abdiwahab Hashi, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Mohammad Heidari, Golnaz Heidari, Nathaniel J Henry, Claudiu Herţeliu, Ramesh Holla, Sahadat Hossain, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Vivian Chia‐Rong Hsieh, Guoqing Hu, Junjie Huang, M. Mamun Huda, Susan C. Ifeagwu, Kevin S Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Rakibul M. Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Hiroyasu Iso, Gaetano Isola, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Nader Jahanmehr, Rajesh Jain, Mihajlo Jakovljević, Manthan D Janodia, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Shubha Jayaram, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Tamás Joó, Nitin Joseph, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Leila R Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Aruna M. Kamath, Kaloyan Kamenov, Himal Kandel, Rami S. Kantar, Neeti Kapoor, Marina Karanikolos, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Taras Kavetskyy, Norito Kawakami, Gbenga A Kayode, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Rovshan Khalilov, Mohammad Khammarnia, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien AB Khan, Maseer Khan, Mehdi Khezeli, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Sezer Kısa, Adnan Kısa, Vitalii Klymchuk, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Oleksii Korzh, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Barthélémy Kuate Defo, G Anil Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Hmwe Hmwe Kyu, Anders Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Wei‐Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Chiachi Bonnie Lee, Shanshan Li, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Preetam Mahajan, Azeem Majeed, Alaa Makki, Reza Malekzadeh, Ahmad Azam Malik, Déborah Carvalho Malta, Mohammad Alì Mansournia, LG Mantovani, Adolfo Martínez Valle, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins‐Melo, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Manu Raj Mathur, Richard J. Maude, Pallab K Maulik, Martin McKee, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, George A. Mensah, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Meštrović, Irmina Maria Michałek, Erkin М Мirrakhimov, Awoke Misganaw, Sanjeev Misra, Babak Moazen, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Shafiu Mohammed, Modhurima Moitra, Ali H. Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Ghobad Moradi, Rafael Silveira Moreira, Jonathan F Mosser, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Simin Mouodi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Chie Nagata, Mohsen Naghavi, Vinay Nangia, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Aparna Ichalangod Narayana, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Hasan Nassereldine, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Javad Nazari, Ionuţ Negoi, Samata Nepal, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Bogdan Oancea, Onome Bright Oghenetega, In‐Hwan Oh, Andrew T Olagunju, Babayemi O. Olakunde, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Obinna Onwujekwe, Adrian Oţoiu, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pană, Songhomitra Panda‐Jonas, Seithikurippu R. Pandi‐Perumal, Shahina Pardhan, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Praveen Kumar Pathak, George Patton, Shrikant Pawar, Jeevan Pereira, Manju Pilania, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Vivek Podder, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Maarten J. Postma, Sergio I. Prada, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Navid Rabiee, Raghu Radhakrishnan, Md. Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Amir M. Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Chythra R Rao, Sowmya J Rao, Davide Rasella, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Lal Rawal, André M. N. Renzaho, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Serge Resnikoff, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Rezaul Karim Ripon, Simona Sacco, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Umar Saeed, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Harihar Sahoo, Maitreyi Sahu, Joseph S Salama, Payman Salamati, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Brijesh Sathian, Monika Sawhney, María Inês Schmidt, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Allen Seylani, Masood Ali Shaikh, Aziz Sheikh, Adithi Shetty, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, K. M. Shivakumar, Azad Shokri, Jasvinder A. Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Ahmad Sofi‐Mahmudi, Raúl A. R. C. Sousa, Jacqueline H. Stephens, Jing Sun, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Hooman Tadbiri, Animut Tagele Tamiru, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Roman Topór-Mądry, Marcos Roberto Tovani‐Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Bach Xuan Tran, Niharika Tripathi, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Christopher Troeger, Deinzel R. Uezono, Saif Ullah, Anayat Ullah, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Marco Vacante, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Pascual Valdéz, Milena Vasić, Massimiliano Veroux, Dominique Vervoort, Francesco Saverio Violante, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Vasily Vlassov, Bay Vo, Yasir Waheed, Richard G. Wamai, Yuan‐Pang Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Paul Ward, Taweewat Wiangkham, Lalit Yadav, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Sanni Yaya, Vahid Yazdi‐Feyzabadi, Siyan Yi, Vahit Yiğit, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Sojib Bin Zaman, Михаил Сергеевич Застрожин, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Yves Miel H Zuñiga, Stephen S Lim, Christopher J L Murray, Rafael Lozano · 发表于：The Lancet Global Health · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00429-6 · 被引用次数：260 · 研究领域：Global Maternal and Child Health、Healthcare Policy and Management、Healthcare Systems and Reforms

BACKGROUND: Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204 locations from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: We distinguished the overall HAQ Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups: the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ Index construction methods were updated to use the arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32 causes of death that should not occur in the presence of timely, quality health care. Across locations and years, MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher 1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall development. FINDINGS: Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased overall (by 19·6 points, 95% uncertainty interval 17·9-21·3), as well as among the you...