Investigating households’ out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures based on number of chronic conditions in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study using quantile regression approach

作者：Ziyad S. Almalki, Abdullah K. Alahmari, Ahmed M. Alshehri, Abdulaziz Altowaijri, Mohammed Alluhidan, Nehad J. Ahmed, Abdulhakim S AlAbdulsalam, Khalid H Alsaiari, Meshari Alrashidi, Abdulrahman G Alghusn, Ali S Al-Qahtani, Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea, Mona Awad Alanazi, Abdulhadi Alqahtani · 发表于：BMJ Open · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066145 · 被引用次数：11 · 研究领域：Healthcare Systems and Reforms、Healthcare Policy and Management、Chronic Disease Management Strategies

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the level and associated factors, focusing on the number of individuals with chronic conditions, of out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures (OOPHE). DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2021. SETTING: Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1176 households that used any healthcare services at least once in the past 3 months. OUTCOME MEASURES: The OOPHE incurred in the previous 3-month period when a household member is receiving health services. The effects of predisposing, enabling and need factors on the level of OOPHE. The association between the number of individuals with chronic conditions in a household and OOPHE along with the OOPHE distribution. RESULTS: The average household OOPHE among all the surveyed households (n=1176) was SAR1775.30. For households affected by one chronic condition, OOPHE was SAR1806, and for households affected by more than one chronic condition, OOPHE was SAR2704. If the head of the household was older, better educated and employed, they were more vulnerable to a higher OOPHE (p<0.0001). At the household level, the increased number of family members with chronic conditions, the presence of a member less than 14 years old, higher socioeconomic status, coverage from health insurance plans, residence in an urban area and the presence of a member with a disability in the household were correlated with a considerably greater level of OOPHE (p<0.0001). The result of ...