Monoamine Neurotransmitters Control Basic Emotions and Affect Major Depressive Disorders

作者：Yao Jiang, Di Zou, Yumeng Li, Simeng Gu, Jie Dong, Xianjun Ma, Shijun Xu, Fushun Wang, Jason H. Huang · 发表于：Pharmaceuticals · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.3390/ph15101203 · 被引用次数：251 · 研究领域：Tryptophan and brain disorders、Stress Responses and Cortisol、Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and complex mental disorder, that adversely impacts an individual's quality of life, but its diagnosis and treatment are not accurately executed and a symptom-based approach is utilized in most cases, due to the lack of precise knowledge regarding the pathophysiology. So far, the first-line treatments are still based on monoamine neurotransmitters. Even though there is a lot of progress in this field, the mechanisms seem to get more and more confusing, and the treatment is also getting more and more controversial. In this study, we try to review the broad advances of monoamine neurotransmitters in the field of MDD, and update its effects in many advanced neuroscience studies. We still propose the monoamine hypothesis but paid special attention to their effects on the new pathways for MDD, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, neurotrophins, and neurogenesis, especially in the glial cells, which have recently been found to play an important role in many neurodegenerative disorders, including MDD. In addition, we will extend the monoamine hypothesis to basic emotions; as suggested in our previous reports, the three monoamine neurotransmitters play different roles in emotions: dopamine-joy, norepinephrine-fear (anger), serotonins-disgust (sadness). Above all, this paper tries to give a full picture of the relationship between the MDD and the monoamine neurotransmitters such as DA, NE, and 5-HT, as well as their contributions to the T...