Higher-order cumulants and correlation functions of proton multiplicity distributions in sNN=3 GeV Au+Au collisions at the RHIC STAR experiment

作者：Mohamed S. Abdallah, B. E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, Joseph R. Adams, J. K. Adkins, I. Aggarwal, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, D. M. Anderson, E. C. Aschenauer, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, W. Baker, J. G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J. D. Brandenburg, X. Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B. K. Chan, Z. Chang, Arghya Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J. H. Chen, Xiang Chen, Z. Chen, Jie Cheng, Yin Cheong Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H. J. Crawford, M. Csanád, M. Daugherity, I. M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, L. Didenko, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J. L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J. C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, Oleg Eyser, R. Fatemi, F. M. Fawzi, Salvatore Fazio, C. J. Feng, Yinzhi Feng, Evan Finch, Y. Fisyak, A. Francisco, Changbo Fu, C. A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, F. J. M. Geurts, N. Ghimire, Stephen M. Gibson, K. Gopal, Xiangjie Gou, D. Grosnick, Anil Kumar Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M. D. Harasty, J. W. Harris, H. Harrison, Song He, W. He, X. H. He, Yang He, S. Heppelmann, N. Herrmann, E. Hoffman, L. Holub, C. Hu, Qiangwei Hu, Y. Hu, He Huang, H. Z. Huang, S. Huang, Tao Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T. J. Humanic, D. Isenhower, Masao ISSHIKI, W. W. Jacobs, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, Kun Jiang, Chao Jin, X. Ju, E. G. Judd, S. Kabana, M. L. Kabir, S. Kagamaster, Dmitry E. Kalinkin, Keyi Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, H. W. Ke, Declan Keane, M. Kelsey, Y. V. Khyzhniak, D. P. Kikoła, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, Anders Garritt Knospe, H. S. Ko, L. K. Kosarzewski, L. Kramarik, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, J. H. Kwasizur, R. Lacey, S. Lan, J. M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J. H. Lee, Y. H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, C. Li, W. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Li, Y. T. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M. A. Lisa, F. Liu, Haibo Liu, Haibo Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W. J. Llope, R. S. Longacre, E. Loyd, Tingting Lu, N. S. Lukow, X. Luo, Long Ma, R. Ma, Y. G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, Spyridon Margetis, C. Markert, Howard S. Matis, J. A. Mazer, G. McNamara, S. Mioduszewski, Bedangadas Mohanty, M. M. Mondal, Isaac Mooney, A. Mukherjee, M. I. Nagy, A. S. Nain, J. D. Nam, Md. Nasim, K. Nayak, D. Neff, J. M. Nelson, D. B. Nemes, Meijuan Nie, T. Niida, R. Nishitani, T. Nonaka, Ana Sofia Nunes, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, Sung Bin Oh, K. Okubo, B. S. Page, R. Pak, J. Pan, A. Pandav, A. K. Pandey, Tanmay Pani, Ayan Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B. R. Pokhrel, J. Porter, M. Posik, T. Protzman, Veronika Prozorova, N. K. Pruthi, M. Przybycień, J. Putschke, H. R. Qi, Hongbo Qiu, A. Quintero, C. Racz, S. K. Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, R. L. Ray, R. Reed, H. G. Ritter, M. Robotkova, J. L. Romero, D. Roy, P. Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A. K. Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, W. B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P. V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, T. Shao, Rohini Sharma, A. I. Sheikh, D. Y. Shen, K. Shen, S. S. Shi, Yafei Shi, Q. Y. Shou, E. P. Sichtermann, Rafal Sikora, J. B. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M. J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, W. Solyst, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T. S. Stanislaus, Maria Stefaniak, D. J. Stewart, B. C. STRINGFELLOW, A. A. P. Suaide, Michal Sumbera, Changqing Sun, X. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, Z. W. Sweger, Paweł Szymański, A. H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J. H. Thomas, A. R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, C. A. Tomkiel, S. Trentalange, R. E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, S. K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, Barbara Antonina Trzeciak, O. D. Tsai, C. Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, T. Ullrich, D. G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S. A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J. S. Wang, P. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Zhifeng Wang, J. C. Webb, P. C. Weidenkaff, G. D. Westfall, Daniel Wielanek, H. Wieman, S. W. Wissink, R. Witt, Jie Wu, Jie Wu, Xin Wu, Yuanfang Wu, Bing-Yi Xi, Z. G. Xiao, G. Xie, Wuqi Xie, H. Xu, Nan Xu, Q. Xu, Y. F. Xu, Z. Xu, Z. Xu, Gangui Yan, Z. Yan, C. B. Yang, Qiangxing Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Ziwen Ye, Ziwen Ye, L. Yi, Kin Yip, Yang Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, Chunjian Zhang, D. Zhang, Jingkang Zhang, S. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, M. Zhao, Chang Zhou, J. Zhou, You Zhou, Xiang Zhu, M. Źurek, Maksym Zyzak · 发表于：Physical Review C · 年份：2023 · DOI：10.1103/physrevc.107.024908 · 被引用次数：37 · 研究领域：High-Energy Particle Collisions Research、Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions、Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics

Various models of the QCD phase diagram favor a first-order phase transition to quark-gluon plasma, and therefore a critical endpoint which could manifest itself in measurable fluctuations and correlations. The authors report measurements of the moments of the net proton multiplicity fluctuations (cumulants) and correlation functions from the RHIC beam energy scan. They establish that at $\sqrt{{s}_{N\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}N}}=3$ GeV the produced system is dominated by hadronic rather than thermal interactions. This puts a limit on the search for the elusive critical point in the QCD phase diagram to energies higher than 3 GeV.