Formation and evolution of carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu: Direct evidence from returned samples

作者：Tomoki Nakamura, Megumi Matsumoto, Kana Amano, Yuma Enokido, MICHAEL E. ZOLENSKY, T. Mikouchi, Hidenori Genda, Satoshi Tanaka, M. Yu. Zolotov, Kosuke Kurosawa, Shigeru Wakita, Ryuki Hyodo, Hosei Nagano, D. Nakashima, Yoshio Takahashi, Yuri Fujioka, Mizuha Kikuiri, Eiichi Kagawa, Moe Matsuoka, Adrian J. BREARLEY, Akira Tsuchiyama, Masayuki Uesugi, Junya Matsuno, Yuki Kimura, Masahiko Sato, R. E. Milliken, Eri Tatsumi, Seiji Sugita, T. Hiroi, K. Kitazato, D. E. Brownlee, David J. Joswiak, M. Takahashi, Kazuhiko Ninomiya, Tadayuki Takahashi, Takahito Osawa, Kentaro Terada, Frank E. Brenker, Beverley J. Tkalcec, László Vincze, R. Brunetto, Alice Aléon‐Toppani, Q. H. S. Chan, Mathieu Roskosz, Jean‐Christophe Viennet, Pierre Beck, E. E. Alp, Tatsuhiro Michikami, Yuuya Nagaashi, Takeshi Tsuji, Yuta Ino, James B. Martinez, J. Han, Andrei Dolocan, Robert J. Bodnar, M. Tanaka, Hideto Yoshida, K. Sugiyama, A. J. King, Keisuke Fukushi, Hiroki Suga, Shohei Yamashita, Tsubasa Kawai, Kumiko Inoue, Aiko Nakato, Taka-aki K. Noguchi, F. Vilas, Amanda Hendrix, Camilo Jaramillo, D. L. Domingue, Gerardo Dominguez, Z. Gainsforth, C. Engrand, Jean Duprat, S. S. Russell, Enrica Bonato, Chi Ma, Tatsuhiko Kawamoto, Takehiko Wada, Sei‐ichiro Watanabe, Rie Endo, Satomi Enju, Lucie Riu, Stefano Rubino, Pieter Tack, Soshi Takeshita, Yasuo Takeichi, Akihisa Takeuchi, Aki Takigawa, D. Takir, Toshiaki Tanigaki, Atsushi Taniguchi, Katsuo Tsukamoto, Takashi Yagi, S. Yamada, Kazuo Yamamoto, Yuichiro Yamashita, Masahiro Yasutake, Kentaro Uesugi, Izumi Umegaki, I-Huan Chiu, Takuya Ishizaki, Shota Okumura, E. Palomba, C. Pilorget, Sandra Manigand Potin, Abdulkareem Alasli, Satoshi Anada, Yui ARAKI, Naoya Sakatani, Cody Schultz, Oki Sekizawa, Scott D. Sitzman, Keisuke Sugiura, Mingqi Sun, Emmanuel Dartois, Ella De Pauw, Zélia Dionnet, Zahia Djouadi, Gerald Falkenberg, Ryohei Fujita, Takeshi Fukuma, I. R. Gearba, Kenji Hagiya, Michael Y. Hu, Takeharu Kato, Taïchi Kawamura, Masao Kimura, Michael Kenya Kubo, F. Langenhorst, Cateline Lantz, Barbara Lavina, Miles Lindner, Jiyong Y. Zhao, Bart Vekemans, Donia Baklouti, Benjamin Bazi, Ferenc Borondics, Shunsaku Nagasawa, Gaku Nishiyama, Kiyofumi Nitta, Jérémie Mathurin, Toru Matsumoto, Itaru Mitsukawa, Hitoshi Miura, Akira Miyake, Yasuhiro Miyake, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, Ryuji Okazaki, Hikaru Yabuta, Hiroshi Naraoka, Kanako Sakamoto, Shogo Tachibana, Harold C. Connolly Jr., Dante S. LAURETTA, Miwa Yoshitake, Makoto Yoshikawa, Kent Yoshikawa, Keisuke Yoshihara, Y. Yokota, Kasumi Yogata, Hajime Yano, Yukio Yamamoto, Daiki Yamamoto, Manabu Yamada, Tetsuya Yamada, Toru Yada, Koji Wada, Tomohiro Usui, Ryudo Tsukizaki, Fuyuto Terui, Hiroshi Takeuchi, Yuto Takei, Ayako Iwamae, Hiromichi Soejima, K. Shirai, Yuri Shimaki, Hiroki Senshu, Hirotaka Sawada, Takanao Saiki, Masanobu Ozaki, Go Ono, Tatsuaki Okada, Naoko Ogawa, Kazunori Ogawa, Rina Noguchi, Hirotomo Noda, Masahiro Nishimura, Noriyuki Namiki, Satoru Nakazawa, Tomokatsu Morota, Akiko Miyazaki, Akira Miura, Yuya Mimasu, Koji Matsumoto, Kazuya Kumagai, Toru Kouyama, Shota Kikuchi, Kosuke Kawahara, Shingo Kameda, Takahiro Iwata, Yoshiaki Ishihara, Masateru Ishiguro, Hitoshi Ikeda, S Hosoda, Rie Honda, Chikatoshi Honda, Yuya Hitomi, Naoyuki Hirata, Naru Hirata, Tasuku Hayashi, Masahiko Hayakawa, Kentaro Hatakeda, Shizuho Furuya, Ryota Fukai, Atsushi Fujii, Yuichiro Cho, Masahiko Arakawa, Masanao Abe, Sei‐ichiro Watanabe, Yuichi Tsuda · 发表于：Science · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1126/science.abn8671 · 被引用次数：348 · 研究领域：Astro and Planetary Science、Geological and Geochemical Analysis、Planetary Science and Exploration

Samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu were brought to Earth by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft. We analyzed 17 Ryugu samples measuring 1 to 8 millimeters. Carbon dioxide-bearing water inclusions are present within a pyrrhotite crystal, indicating that Ryugu's parent asteroid formed in the outer Solar System. The samples contain low abundances of materials that formed at high temperatures, such as chondrules and calcium- and aluminum-rich inclusions. The samples are rich in phyllosilicates and carbonates, which formed through aqueous alteration reactions at low temperature, high pH, and water/rock ratios of <1 (by mass). Less altered fragments contain olivine, pyroxene, amorphous silicates, calcite, and phosphide. Numerical simulations, based on the mineralogical and physical properties of the samples, indicate that Ryugu's parent body formed ~2 million years after the beginning of Solar System formation.