The Anglo-Saxon migration and the formation of the early English gene pool

作者：Joscha Gretzinger, Duncan Sayer, Pierre Justeau, Eveline Altena, Maria Pala, Katharina Dulias, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Susanne Jodoin, Laura Lacher, Susanna J. Sabin, Åshild J. Vågene‬, Wolfgang Haak, Sigríður Sunna Ebenesersdóttir, Kristjan H. S. Moore, Rita Radzevičiūtė, Kara Murphy Schmidt, Selina Brace, Martina Abenhus Bager, Nick J. Patterson, Luka Papac, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Kimberly Callan, Éadaoin Harney, Lora Iliev, Ann Marie Lawson, Megan Michel, Kristin Stewardson, Fatma Zalzala, Nadin Rohland, Stefanie Kappelhoff-Beckmann, Frank Both, Daniel G. Winger, Daniel Neumann, Lars Saalow, Stefan Krabath, Sophie Beckett, Melanie Van Twest, Neil Faulkner, Chris Read, Tabatha Barton, Joanna Caruth, John Hines, Ben Krause‐Kyora, Ursula Warnke, Verena J. Schuenemann, Ian Barnes, Hanna Dahlström, Jane Jark Clausen, Andrew C Richardson, Elizabeth Popescu, Natasha Dodwell, Stuart Ladd, Tom J. Phillips, Richard Mortimer, Faye Sayer, Diana Mahoney Swales, Allison K. Stewart, Dominic Powlesland, Robert A. Kenyon, Lilian Ladle, Christina Peek, Silke Grefen-Peters, Paola Ponce, R. S. Daniels, Cecily Spall, Jennifer Woolcock, Andy M. Jones, Amy V. Roberts, Robert Symmons, Anooshka C. Rawden, Alan Cooper, Kirsten I. Bos, Tom Booth, Hannes Schroeder, Mark Thomas, Agnar Helgason, Martin B Richards, David Emil Reich, Johannes Krause, Stephan Schiffels · 发表于：Nature · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1038/s41586-022-05247-2 · 被引用次数：192 · 研究领域：Forensic and Genetic Research、Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies

Abstract The history of the British Isles and Ireland is characterized by multiple periods of major cultural change, including the influential transformation after the end of Roman rule, which precipitated shifts in language, settlement patterns and material culture 1 . The extent to which migration from continental Europe mediated these transitions is a matter of long-standing debate 2–4 . Here we study genome-wide ancient DNA from 460 medieval northwestern Europeans—including 278 individuals from England—alongside archaeological data, to infer contemporary population dynamics. We identify a substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in early medieval England, which is closely related to the early medieval and present-day inhabitants of Germany and Denmark, implying large-scale substantial migration across the North Sea into Britain during the Early Middle Ages. As a result, the individuals who we analysed from eastern England derived up to 76% of their ancestry from the continental North Sea zone, albeit with substantial regional variation and heterogeneity within sites. We show that women with immigrant ancestry were more often furnished with grave goods than women with local ancestry, whereas men with weapons were as likely not to be of immigrant ancestry. A comparison with present-day Britain indicates that subsequent demographic events reduced the fraction of continental northern European ancestry while introducing further ancestry components into th...