Associations of dietary diversity with the gut microbiome, fecal metabolites, and host metabolism: results from 2 prospective Chinese cohorts

作者：Congmei Xiao, Jiating Wang, Chang Su, Zelei Miao, Jun Tang, Yifei Ouyang, Yan Yan, Zengliang Jiang, Yuanqing Fu, Menglei Shuai, Wanglong Gou, Fengzhe Xu, Evan Y-W Yu, Yuhui Liang, Xinxiu Liang, Yunyi Tian, Jiali Wang, Feifei Huang, Bing Zhang, Huijun Wang, Yu‐Ming Chen, Ju‐Sheng Zheng · 发表于：American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1093/ajcn/nqac178 · 被引用次数：63 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies、Epigenetics and DNA Methylation

BACKGROUND: Dietary diversity is essential for human health. The gut ecosystem provides a potential link between dietary diversity, host metabolism, and health, yet this mechanism is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: Here, we aimed to investigate the relation between dietary diversity and the gut environment as well as host metabolism from a multiomics perspective. METHODS: Two independent longitudinal Chinese cohorts (a discovery and a validation cohort) were included in the present study. Dietary diversity was evaluated with FFQs. In the discovery cohort (n = 1916), we performed shotgun metagenomic and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing to profile the gut microbiome. We used targeted metabolomics to quantify fecal and serum metabolites. The associations between dietary diversity and the microbial composition were replicated in the validation cohort (n = 1320). RESULTS: Dietary diversity was positively associated with α diversity of the gut microbiota. We identified dietary diversity-related gut environment features, including the microbial structure (β diversity), 68 microbial genera, 18 microbial species, 8 functional pathways, and 13 fecal metabolites. We further found 332 associations of dietary diversity and related gut environment features with circulating metabolites. Both the dietary diversity and diversity-related features were inversely correlated with 4 circulating secondary bile acids. Moreover, 16 mediation associations were observed among dietary div...