Expansion of Opportunistic Enteric Fungal Pathogens and Occurrence of Gut Inflammation in Human Liver Echinococcosis

作者：Yugui Wang, Aijiang Guo, Zhong‐Li Liu, Yang Zou, Wenjun Zhu, Shile Wu, Shengying Zhang, Xiaola Guo, Shaohua Zhang, Lixia Pu, Xing‐Quan Zhu, Guan Zhu, Xuepeng Cai, Shuai Wang · 发表于：Microbiology Spectrum · 年份：2022 · DOI：10.1128/spectrum.01453-22 · 被引用次数：8 · 研究领域：Gut microbiota and health、Parasitic infections in humans and animals、Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics

Helminth infection affects over 1 billion people worldwide. However, its relationship with the gut mycobiome remains unknown. Among the most prevalent helminth diseases, human hydatid disease (echinococcosis) is highlighted as one of the most important (second/third for alveolar/cystic echinococcosis) foodborne parasitic diseases at the global level. Herein, we investigated the mycobiome and gut homeostasis (i.e., inflammation and permeability) in human echinococcosis. Our results revealed that fungal dysbiosis with an expansion of opportunistic pathogens and increased levels of fecal calprotectin and serum ASCA are hallmarks of human liver echinococcosis. Host immunity is associated with enteric fungal expansions. These findings suggest that an extraintestinal helminth infection is able to alter gut fungal microbiota and impair gut homeostasis, which resembles concomitant gut symptoms in inflammatory gut-related diseases (e.g., AIDS). In clinical practice, physicians need to take cautious medical consideration of gut health for nonintestinal helminth diseases.